Question 1

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:   H +   H ?   He + ? +   g

Accepted Answer

A)    e 
B)    n 
C)    e 
D)    H 
E)    $\gamma$ 
A)    e 
B)    n 
C)    e 
D)    H 
E)    $\gamma$

Question 2

If we start with 1.000 g of cobalt-60, 0.675 g will remain after 3.00 y. This means that the half-life of cobalt-60 is ________ y.

Accepted Answer

A) 3.08 
B) 4.44 
C) 2.03 
D) 5.29 
E) 7.65 
A) 3.08 
B) 4.44 
C) 2.03 
D) 5.29 
E) 7.65

Question 3

Complete the following equation of transmutation.   N +   He ?   O + ______

Accepted Answer

A)    e 
B)    $\gamma$ 
C)    e 
D)    H 
E)    n 
A)    e 
B)    $\gamma$ 
C)    e 
D)    H 
E)    n

Question 4

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of   C.

Accepted Answer

A)    N 
B)    Be 
C)    N 
D)    C 
E)    B 
A)    N 
B)    Be 
C)    N 
D)    C 
E)    B

Question 5

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by   Cl.

Accepted Answer

A)    Ar 
B)    K 
C)    S 
D)    P 
E)    Ar 
A)    Ar 
B)    K 
C)    S 
D)    P 
E)    Ar

Question 6

The splitting of the uranium atom is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) radioactive cleavage 
B) nuclear fission 
C) nuclear fusion 
D) radioactive merge 
E) the half-life 
A) radioactive cleavage 
B) nuclear fission 
C) nuclear fusion 
D) radioactive merge 
E) the half-life

Question 7

Which of the following equations shows the correct relationship between the half-cell of a nuclide and the radioactive decay rate constant?

Accepted Answer

A) ln   = -   
B)    = - ln   
C)    = 0.693 × k 
D)    =   
E)    =   
A) ln   = -   
B)    = - ln   
C)    = 0.693 × k 
D)    =   
E)    =

Question 8

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during alpha decay.

Accepted Answer

A) The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B) The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases. 
E) The mass number and atomic number do not change. 
A) The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B) The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D) The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases. 
E) The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Question 9

Potassium-40 decays to argon-40 with a half-life of 1.27 × 109 yr. The age of a mineral sample that has a mass ratio of 40Ar to 40K of 0.812 is ________ y.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.56 × 109 
B) 1.02 × 109 
C) 1.47 × 109 
D) 7.55 × 108 
E) 1.09 × 109 
A) 1.56 × 109 
B) 1.02 × 109 
C) 1.47 × 109 
D) 7.55 × 108 
E) 1.09 × 109

Question 10

Identify the symptom experienced from radiation exposure.

Accepted Answer

A) increased ability to absorb nutrients 
B) sneezing 
C) death 
D) decreased risk of cancer 
E) weaker immune system 
A) increased ability to absorb nutrients 
B) sneezing 
C) death 
D) decreased risk of cancer 
E) weaker immune system

Question 11

Which of the following nuclides is most likely to undergo beta decay?

Accepted Answer

A)    Pt 
B)    Pt 
C)    Pt 
D)    Pt 
A)    Pt 
B)    Pt 
C)    Pt 
D)    Pt

Question 12

The following reaction represents what nuclear process?   Am →   He +   Np

Accepted Answer

A) beta emission 
B) neutron bombardment 
C) alpha emission 
D) electron capture 
E) positron emission 
A) beta emission 
B) neutron bombardment 
C) alpha emission 
D) electron capture 
E) positron emission

Question 13

positron
Match the following.

Accepted Answer

A)    e 
B)    He 
C)    e 
D)    $\gamma$ 
E)    p
F)   n 
A)    e 
B)    He 
C)    e 
D)    $\gamma$ 
E)    p
F)   n

Question 14

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) If the N/Z ratio is too high, there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will convert a neutron to a proton via beta decay. 
B) If the N/Z ratio lies somewhere below 1, the nuclide is stable. 
C) If the N/Z ratio is too low, there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will undergo beta decay. 
D) The valley of stability is the geographic location where many of the known nuclides were first discovered. 
E) All stable nuclei have an N/Z ratio equal to 1. 
A) If the N/Z ratio is too high, there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will convert a neutron to a proton via beta decay. 
B) If the N/Z ratio lies somewhere below 1, the nuclide is stable. 
C) If the N/Z ratio is too low, there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will undergo beta decay. 
D) The valley of stability is the geographic location where many of the known nuclides were first discovered. 
E) All stable nuclei have an N/Z ratio equal to 1.

Question 15

Stable isotopes with low atomic numbers have an N/Z ratio of 1. What does that imply?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of neutrons equals the number of protons. 
B) The number of neutrons equals the number of electrons plus protons. 
C) The number of protons equals the number of electrons. 
D) The atomic number equals the atomic mass. 
E) The number of protons equals the number of electrons plus neutrons. 
A) The number of neutrons equals the number of protons. 
B) The number of neutrons equals the number of electrons plus protons. 
C) The number of protons equals the number of electrons. 
D) The atomic number equals the atomic mass. 
E) The number of protons equals the number of electrons plus neutrons.

Question 16

Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via beta decay?

Accepted Answer

A) I-126 
B) Al-24 
C) N-13 
D) Cs-137 
E) Na-20 
A) I-126 
B) Al-24 
C) N-13 
D) Cs-137 
E) Na-20

Question 17

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of   F.

Accepted Answer

A)    Na 
B)    F 
C)    N 
D)    O 
E)    Ne 
A)    Na 
B)    F 
C)    N 
D)    O 
E)    Ne

Question 18

Above what atomic number are there no stable isotopes of any element?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 92 
C) 83 
D) 40 
E) 89 
A) 20 
B) 92 
C) 83 
D) 40 
E) 89

Question 19

Nuclides above the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) beta emission 
B) positron emission 
C) gamma emission 
D) electron capture 
E) neutron bombardment 
A) beta emission 
B) positron emission 
C) gamma emission 
D) electron capture 
E) neutron bombardment

Question 20

Calculate the mass defect in Fe-56 if the mass of an Fe-56 nucleus is 55.921 amu. The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 amu.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.528 amu 
B) 3.507 amu 
C) 0.564 amu 
D) 1.056 amu 
E) 0.079 amu 
A) 0.528 amu 
B) 3.507 amu 
C) 0.564 amu 
D) 1.056 amu 
E) 0.079 amu

Exam 19: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: H + H ? He + ? + g

If we start with 1.000 g of cobalt-60, 0.675 g will remain after 3.00 y. This means that the half-life of cobalt-60 is ________ y.

Complete the following equation of transmutation. N + He ? O + ______

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of C.

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by Cl.

The splitting of the uranium atom is called ________.

Which of the following equations shows the correct relationship between the half-cell of a nuclide and the radioactive decay rate constant?

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during alpha decay.

Potassium-40 decays to argon-40 with a half-life of 1.27 × 109 yr. The age of a mineral sample that has a mass ratio of 40Ar to 40K of 0.812 is ________ y.

Identify the symptom experienced from radiation exposure.

Which of the following nuclides is most likely to undergo beta decay?

The following reaction represents what nuclear process? Am → He + Np

positron Match the following.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Stable isotopes with low atomic numbers have an N/Z ratio of 1. What does that imply?

Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via beta decay?

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of F.

Above what atomic number are there no stable isotopes of any element?

Nuclides above the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?

Calculate the mass defect in Fe-56 if the mass of an Fe-56 nucleus is 55.921 amu. The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 amu.

Units of Measurement for Physical and Chemical Change

Atoms and Elements

Molecules, Compounds, and Nomenclature

Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

Gases

Thermochemistry

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Chemical Bonding I: Lewis Theory

Chemical Bonding Ii: Molecular Shapes, Valence Bond Theory, and Molecular Orbital Theory

Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium

Gibbs Energy and Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Organic Chemistry I: Structures

Organic Chemistry II: Reactions

Biochemistry

Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Metals and Metallury

Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

Filters

Potassium-40 decays to argon-40 with a half-life of 1.27 × 10⁹ yr. The age of a mineral sample that has a mass ratio of ⁴⁰Ar to ⁴⁰K of 0.812 is ________ y.