Question 1

One of the primary reasons field experiments are conducted is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are logistically very easy to carry out. 
B)  are very high in external validity. 
C)  incorporate a high degree of consistency across conditions. 
D)  usually result in statistically significant results. 
A)  are logistically very easy to carry out. 
B)  are very high in external validity. 
C)  incorporate a high degree of consistency across conditions. 
D)  usually result in statistically significant results.

Question 2

The primary difference between natural experiments and standard experiments is that natural experiments

Accepted Answer

A)  do not involve independent variables. 
B)  do not involve dependent variables. 
C)  typically involve the random assignment of individuals. 
D)  typically do not involve the random assignment of individuals. 
A)  do not involve independent variables. 
B)  do not involve dependent variables. 
C)  typically involve the random assignment of individuals. 
D)  typically do not involve the random assignment of individuals.

Question 3

Open science practices include

Accepted Answer

A)  examining research proposals and making judgments about the ethical appropriateness of the research. 
B)  sharing data and research materials with the broader scientific community to increase the integrity and replicability of research. 
C)  being open with participants about the purpose of the research or the meaning of something that is done to them. 
D)  directly asking participants if they understood the instructions and found the setup to be reasonable. 
A)  examining research proposals and making judgments about the ethical appropriateness of the research. 
B)  sharing data and research materials with the broader scientific community to increase the integrity and replicability of research. 
C)  being open with participants about the purpose of the research or the meaning of something that is done to them. 
D)  directly asking participants if they understood the instructions and found the setup to be reasonable.

Question 4

Which of the following would be an example of random sampling in a survey study designed to learn more about the student body at a particular college?

Accepted Answer

A)  asking students to fill out a survey in a campus magazine and then mail it to the investigators 
B)  writing the name of every student on a piece of paper and selecting participants by pulling names out of a hat 
C)  surveying all customers who visit a particular coffee shop on campus 
D)  surveying fraternity and sorority members on campus 
A)  asking students to fill out a survey in a campus magazine and then mail it to the investigators 
B)  writing the name of every student on a piece of paper and selecting participants by pulling names out of a hat 
C)  surveying all customers who visit a particular coffee shop on campus 
D)  surveying fraternity and sorority members on campus

Question 5

Random assignment is an important aspect of experiments because it

Accepted Answer

A)  allows for more statistically significant results. 
B)  is consistent with institutional review board policies. 
C)  ensures fairness because everyone has an equal chance for selection in the study. 
D)  cancels out individual differences and reduces selection biases between conditions. 
A)  allows for more statistically significant results. 
B)  is consistent with institutional review board policies. 
C)  ensures fairness because everyone has an equal chance for selection in the study. 
D)  cancels out individual differences and reduces selection biases between conditions.

Question 6

When an experiment has poor internal validity,which of the following might be of concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  The results of the experiment may not relate to real-world situations. 
B)  It might be difficult to determine if the independent variable was what produced the result. 
C)  The observed results may not be statistically significant. 
D)  The measurement does not predict outcomes that it is supposed to predict. 
A)  The results of the experiment may not relate to real-world situations. 
B)  It might be difficult to determine if the independent variable was what produced the result. 
C)  The observed results may not be statistically significant. 
D)  The measurement does not predict outcomes that it is supposed to predict.

Question 7

The problem with self-selection in research is that

Accepted Answer

A)  people are often unaware which condition they should choose to be in. 
B)  people often overestimate their own contributions to the research. 
C)  it makes causal interpretations difficult. 
D)  it violates ethical guidelines. 
A)  people are often unaware which condition they should choose to be in. 
B)  people often overestimate their own contributions to the research. 
C)  it makes causal interpretations difficult. 
D)  it violates ethical guidelines.

Question 8

In an experiment,the control condition

Accepted Answer

A)  does not include an independent variable. 
B)  is run before the experimental condition. 
C)  is compared with the experimental condition. 
D)  does not include a dependent variable. 
A)  does not include an independent variable. 
B)  is run before the experimental condition. 
C)  is compared with the experimental condition. 
D)  does not include a dependent variable.

Question 9

What is the purpose of an institutional review board (IRB)? What must the board consider?

Accepted Answer

An IRB examines research proposals and m

Question 10

Research in basic science aims to

Accepted Answer

A)  solve real-world problems, without concern about understanding the phenomena in its own right. 
B)  understand simple questions in science. 
C)  solve difficult questions in science. 
D)  understand a phenomenon in its own right, without concern about real-world issues. 
A)  solve real-world problems, without concern about understanding the phenomena in its own right. 
B)  understand simple questions in science. 
C)  solve difficult questions in science. 
D)  understand a phenomenon in its own right, without concern about real-world issues.

Question 11

Compare and contrast external validity and internal validity.

Accepted Answer

Both external and internal validity are

Question 12

The independent variable in an experiment is

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulated and is the hypothesized cause of a particular outcome. 
B)  measured and is the hypothesized effect of a particular manipulation. 
C)  based on self-selection. 
D)  an indication of the degree of the relationship between two variables. 
A)  manipulated and is the hypothesized cause of a particular outcome. 
B)  measured and is the hypothesized effect of a particular manipulation. 
C)  based on self-selection. 
D)  an indication of the degree of the relationship between two variables.

Question 13

An intervention is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  debriefing conducted at the conclusion of an experiment. 
B)  punishment delivered to a person. 
C)  effort to change a person's behavior. 
D)  measure taken by psychologists to minimize bias in study results. 
A)  debriefing conducted at the conclusion of an experiment. 
B)  punishment delivered to a person. 
C)  effort to change a person's behavior. 
D)  measure taken by psychologists to minimize bias in study results.

Question 14

High school seniors were given a test that is supposed to predict scholastic performance during the first year of college.When the results were analyzed,however,there was no correlation between the test scores and first-year performance.This is an example of poor

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical significance. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  measurement validity. 
D)  internal validity. 
A)  statistical significance. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  measurement validity. 
D)  internal validity.

Question 15

An experiment by Darley and Batson (1973)looked at seminary students' willingness to help.In one condition,participants were made to hurry from one building to another by being told they were late to give a speech,which was described as part of the study requirements.In the other condition,participants were only told to go over to another building in order to give the speech.Both groups encountered a person lying on the ground on their way to the other building.The experimenter observed the participants from both groups and counted the number of people who stopped to check on the person lying on the ground.It was found that the participants who were in a hurry stopped much less frequently than the participants who were not in a hurry.In this experiment,what was the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  being made to hurry from one building to another or not 
B)  the person lying on the ground 
C)  the number of people stopping to check on the person lying on the ground 
D)  going from one building to another 
A)  being made to hurry from one building to another or not 
B)  the person lying on the ground 
C)  the number of people stopping to check on the person lying on the ground 
D)  going from one building to another

Question 16

What are the advantages and disadvantages of experimental research compared with other types of research methods (observational,archival,survey,and correlational)?

Accepted Answer

Several advantages and disadvantages are

Question 17

Describe the following research methods in social psychology: observational,archival,and survey.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?

Accepted Answer

Several advantages and disadvantages are

Question 18

Interviews and written questionnaires are forms of which type of research method?

Accepted Answer

A)  observation 
B)  archival 
C)  applied 
D)  survey 
A)  observation 
B)  archival 
C)  applied 
D)  survey

Question 19

________ is the tendency for extreme scores on one variable to be followed by,or accompany,less extreme scores on another.

Accepted Answer

A)  The extreme return effect 
B)  The robust average effect 
C)  Regression to the mean 
D)  Extreme minimization 
A)  The extreme return effect 
B)  The robust average effect 
C)  Regression to the mean 
D)  Extreme minimization

Question 20

Describe the difference between a natural experiment and a true experiment conducted in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

In a natural experiment,a naturally occu

One of the primary reasons field experiments are conducted is that they

The primary difference between natural experiments and standard experiments is that natural experiments

Open science practices include

Which of the following would be an example of random sampling in a survey study designed to learn more about the student body at a particular college?

Random assignment is an important aspect of experiments because it

When an experiment has poor internal validity,which of the following might be of concern?

The problem with self-selection in research is that

In an experiment,the control condition

What is the purpose of an institutional review board (IRB)? What must the board consider?

Research in basic science aims to

Compare and contrast external validity and internal validity.

The independent variable in an experiment is

An intervention is a(n)

High school seniors were given a test that is supposed to predict scholastic performance during the first year of college.When the results were analyzed,however,there was no correlation between the test scores and first-year performance.This is an example of poor

What are the advantages and disadvantages of experimental research compared with other types of research methods (observational,archival,survey,and correlational)?

Describe the following research methods in social psychology: observational,archival,and survey.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?

Interviews and written questionnaires are forms of which type of research method?

________ is the tendency for extreme scores on one variable to be followed by,or accompany,less extreme scores on another.

Describe the difference between a natural experiment and a true experiment conducted in the laboratory.

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

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Exam 2: The Methods of Social Psychology

One of the primary reasons field experiments are conducted is that they

The primary difference between natural experiments and standard experiments is that natural experiments

Open science practices include

Which of the following would be an example of random sampling in a survey study designed to learn more about the student body at a particular college?

Random assignment is an important aspect of experiments because it

When an experiment has poor internal validity,which of the following might be of concern?

The problem with self-selection in research is that

In an experiment,the control condition

What is the purpose of an institutional review board (IRB)? What must the board consider?

Research in basic science aims to

Compare and contrast external validity and internal validity.

The independent variable in an experiment is

An intervention is a(n)

High school seniors were given a test that is supposed to predict scholastic performance during the first year of college.When the results were analyzed,however,there was no correlation between the test scores and first-year performance.This is an example of poor

What are the advantages and disadvantages of experimental research compared with other types of research methods (observational,archival,survey,and correlational)?

Describe the following research methods in social psychology: observational,archival,and survey.What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method?

Interviews and written questionnaires are forms of which type of research method?

________ is the tendency for extreme scores on one variable to be followed by,or accompany,less extreme scores on another.

Describe the difference between a natural experiment and a true experiment conducted in the laboratory.

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

Filters