Question 1

Mozart's most famous piece was his Saint Matthew's Passion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Rousseau, whose novel Émile emphasized the heart and sentiment, served as a precursor of the Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

An early female philosophe who published a translation of Newton's Principia and who was the mistress of Voltaire was

Accepted Answer

A) Mary Wollstonecraft. 
B) Marie Antoinette. 
C) Mary Astell. 
D) Catherine the Great. 
E) the Marquise du Chatelet. 
A) Mary Wollstonecraft. 
B) Marie Antoinette. 
C) Mary Astell. 
D) Catherine the Great. 
E) the Marquise du Chatelet.

Question 4

Although many European rulers desired to emulate the size and grandiosity of Versailles, they usually adopted the Baroque-Rococo architectural style rather than the French classical style of Louis XIV's palace.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What were the major ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau? In what ways were Rousseau's ideas unique, differing from those of his predecessors?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a prominent ph

Question 6

The punishment of crime in the eighteenth century was often

Accepted Answer

A) carried out by mobs after the criminals were charged in court. 
B) less severe than the crime would merit. 
C) the responsibility of the army. 
D) public and very gruesome. 
E) carried out privately so as not to inflame the general populace. 
A) carried out by mobs after the criminals were charged in court. 
B) less severe than the crime would merit. 
C) the responsibility of the army. 
D) public and very gruesome. 
E) carried out privately so as not to inflame the general populace.

Question 7

According to The Social Contract, the "general will" was

Accepted Answer

A) a meaningless abstraction and impediment to reason. 
B) derived from the law of supply and demand. 
C) a license to do as one pleased. 
D) a social consensus to which the individual must bow. 
E) identical to Locke's social contract. 
A) a meaningless abstraction and impediment to reason. 
B) derived from the law of supply and demand. 
C) a license to do as one pleased. 
D) a social consensus to which the individual must bow. 
E) identical to Locke's social contract.

Question 8

The great scientists of the seventeenth century, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, pursued their exploration of science in an explicit attempt to question and undermine religion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning salons is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Salons were literary-minded gatherings where advanced ideas were discussed. 
B) As hostesses of salons, women were able to influence artistic and literary taste. 
C) Salons were frequented by wealthy bourgeoisie but shunned by aristocrats and government officials. 
D) The reputation of a salon depended upon the men a hostess was able to attract. 
E) The perception that women exerted undue influence on politics led to the decline of salons. 
A) Salons were literary-minded gatherings where advanced ideas were discussed. 
B) As hostesses of salons, women were able to influence artistic and literary taste. 
C) Salons were frequented by wealthy bourgeoisie but shunned by aristocrats and government officials. 
D) The reputation of a salon depended upon the men a hostess was able to attract. 
E) The perception that women exerted undue influence on politics led to the decline of salons.

Question 10

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best political system in a modern society is one where

Accepted Answer

A) the legislature exercises absolute and unlimited power. 
B) the king exercises absolute and unlimited power. 
C) power is divided between the three branches of government. 
D) the nobility is uninvolved. 
E) all government resources are focused on military power. 
A) the legislature exercises absolute and unlimited power. 
B) the king exercises absolute and unlimited power. 
C) power is divided between the three branches of government. 
D) the nobility is uninvolved. 
E) all government resources are focused on military power.

Question 11

Voltaire was the author of

Accepted Answer

A) Treatise on Toleration. 
B) Persian Letters 
C) Spirit of the Laws. 
D) Principia 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) Treatise on Toleration. 
B) Persian Letters 
C) Spirit of the Laws. 
D) Principia 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 12

The works of Fontenelle

Accepted Answer

A) popularize a growing skepticism toward the claims of religion. 
B) portray churches as allies of scientific progress. 
C) discourage amateur conversations about scientific matters. 
D) question the capacity of women to comprehend scientific discourse. 
E) advocated the replacement of Catholicism with Protestantism because the latter was more liberal. 
A) popularize a growing skepticism toward the claims of religion. 
B) portray churches as allies of scientific progress. 
C) discourage amateur conversations about scientific matters. 
D) question the capacity of women to comprehend scientific discourse. 
E) advocated the replacement of Catholicism with Protestantism because the latter was more liberal.

Question 13

What was the role of the institutional church in the eighteenth century? What relationship did established churches have with European states, and what roles did they play in European society?

Accepted Answer

In the eighteenth century, the instituti

Question 14

The French philosophes mostly included people from

Accepted Answer

A) the nobility and the middle class. 
B) the lower class and the lower middle class. 
C) aristocracy and nobility. 
D) urban artisans and craftsmen. 
E) the universities. 
A) the nobility and the middle class. 
B) the lower class and the lower middle class. 
C) aristocracy and nobility. 
D) urban artisans and craftsmen. 
E) the universities.

Question 15

Carnival was celebrated in the weeks leading up to

Accepted Answer

A) Christmas. 
B) Easter. 
C) Lent. 
D) Pentecost. 
E) All Saints. 
A) Christmas. 
B) Easter. 
C) Lent. 
D) Pentecost. 
E) All Saints.

Question 16

High culture in eighteenth-century Europe was characterized by the

Accepted Answer

A) enormous impact of the publishing industry. 
B) decline of French as an international language. 
C) decline of the magazine with the rise of the novel. 
D) increased dependency of authors on wealthy patrons. 
E) complete freedom of the press. 
A) enormous impact of the publishing industry. 
B) decline of French as an international language. 
C) decline of the magazine with the rise of the novel. 
D) increased dependency of authors on wealthy patrons. 
E) complete freedom of the press.

Question 17

Isaac Newton and John Locke

Accepted Answer

A) created two antagonistic religious systems of thought. 
B) provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society. 
C) claimed that mathematics and science would bring about the cure for the evils of society but only very slowly. 
D) said the philosophes were the prophets of the future and that their rejection of the Scientific Revolution was justified. 
E) had little influence on the later Enlightenment as they were perceived to be figures of the "old" seventeenth century. 
A) created two antagonistic religious systems of thought. 
B) provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society. 
C) claimed that mathematics and science would bring about the cure for the evils of society but only very slowly. 
D) said the philosophes were the prophets of the future and that their rejection of the Scientific Revolution was justified. 
E) had little influence on the later Enlightenment as they were perceived to be figures of the "old" seventeenth century.

Question 18

The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was

Accepted Answer

A) Geneva. 
B) Berlin. 
C) London. 
D) Vienna. 
E) Paris. 
A) Geneva. 
B) Berlin. 
C) London. 
D) Vienna. 
E) Paris.

Question 19

Compare and contrast the contributions of the French philosophes and Britain's Enlightenment figures.How do they differ, if they do, and why?

Accepted Answer

The French philosophes and Britain's Enl

Question 20

The Jews of eighteenth-century Europe

Accepted Answer

A) were assimilated into French society through the unanimous calls of the philosophes for integration. 
B) were most persecuted in France and Poland. 
C) were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities. 
D) won the right to publicly practice their religion in Austria with Joseph II's Toleration Patent of 1781. 
E) were restricted to ghettos in all European states. 
A) were assimilated into French society through the unanimous calls of the philosophes for integration. 
B) were most persecuted in France and Poland. 
C) were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities. 
D) won the right to publicly practice their religion in Austria with Joseph II's Toleration Patent of 1781. 
E) were restricted to ghettos in all European states.

Exam 17: The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment

Mozart's most famous piece was his Saint Matthew's Passion.

Rousseau, whose novel Émile emphasized the heart and sentiment, served as a precursor of the Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century.

An early female philosophe who published a translation of Newton's Principia and who was the mistress of Voltaire was

Although many European rulers desired to emulate the size and grandiosity of Versailles, they usually adopted the Baroque-Rococo architectural style rather than the French classical style of Louis XIV's palace.

What were the major ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau? In what ways were Rousseau's ideas unique, differing from those of his predecessors?

The punishment of crime in the eighteenth century was often

According to The Social Contract, the "general will" was

The great scientists of the seventeenth century, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, pursued their exploration of science in an explicit attempt to question and undermine religion.

Which of the following statements concerning salons is NOT true?

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best political system in a modern society is one where

Voltaire was the author of

The works of Fontenelle

What was the role of the institutional church in the eighteenth century? What relationship did established churches have with European states, and what roles did they play in European society?

The French philosophes mostly included people from

Carnival was celebrated in the weeks leading up to

High culture in eighteenth-century Europe was characterized by the

Isaac Newton and John Locke

The recognized capital of the Enlightenment was

Compare and contrast the contributions of the French philosophes and Britain's Enlightenment figures.How do they differ, if they do, and why?

The Jews of eighteenth-century Europe

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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