Question 1

The major critic of the Spanish treatment of the American natives was

Accepted Answer

A) Bartolomé de Las Casas. 
B) Hernán Cortéz. 
C) Afonso de Albuquerque. 
D) Ignatius of Loyola. 
E) Pope Paul III. 
A) Bartolomé de Las Casas. 
B) Hernán Cortéz. 
C) Afonso de Albuquerque. 
D) Ignatius of Loyola. 
E) Pope Paul III. A

Question 2

How would you characterize the indigenous empires present in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans? What were their strengths, and what were their weaknesses?

Accepted Answer

The indigenous empires present in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans were diverse and complex, each with their own unique strengths and weaknesses.

Some of the strengths of these empires included advanced agricultural practices, sophisticated architectural and engineering skills, and complex social and political structures. For example, the Inca Empire in South America had an extensive road system and a centralized government, while the Aztec Empire in Mesoamerica had a highly organized system of tribute and trade.

Additionally, many of these empires had developed advanced knowledge in fields such as astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. They also had rich cultural traditions, including elaborate religious ceremonies and artistic achievements.

However, these empires also had weaknesses. One common weakness was the lack of immunity to diseases brought by the Europeans, which led to devastating population losses. Additionally, internal conflicts and rivalries between different indigenous groups sometimes weakened their ability to resist European colonization.

Furthermore, while some empires had strong centralized governments, others were more decentralized and prone to internal power struggles. This lack of unity made it easier for the Europeans to conquer and divide the indigenous peoples.

Overall, the indigenous empires in the Americas were characterized by their impressive achievements and complex societies, but they also faced challenges that ultimately contributed to their downfall after the arrival of the Europeans.

Question 3

Which of the following statements best applies to the economy of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe?

Accepted Answer

A) The joint-stock company enabled the raising of spectacular sums of capital for world trading ventures. 
B) The early seventeenth century saw a general stagnation in the areas of mining and metallurgy. 
C) Technological innovations improved the lives of peasants dramatically. 
D) The population explosion made for urban growth and more social equality in cities. 
E) An economic depression occurred because of a lack of precious metals in circulation. 
A) The joint-stock company enabled the raising of spectacular sums of capital for world trading ventures. 
B) The early seventeenth century saw a general stagnation in the areas of mining and metallurgy. 
C) Technological innovations improved the lives of peasants dramatically. 
D) The population explosion made for urban growth and more social equality in cities. 
E) An economic depression occurred because of a lack of precious metals in circulation. A

Question 4

The sea captain who first made a sea voyage directly from Europe to India was

Accepted Answer

A) Bartholomeu Dias. 
B) Ferdinand Magellan. 
C) Francis Drake. 
D) Vasco da Gama. 
E) Amerigo Vespucci. 
A) Bartholomeu Dias. 
B) Ferdinand Magellan. 
C) Francis Drake. 
D) Vasco da Gama. 
E) Amerigo Vespucci.

Question 5

The religious crusading motive for exploration was strongest in

Accepted Answer

A) Spain and Portugal. 
B) Florence and Venice. 
C) the Byzantine Empire. 
D) England and Scotland. 
E) France and the Low Countries. 
A) Spain and Portugal. 
B) Florence and Venice. 
C) the Byzantine Empire. 
D) England and Scotland. 
E) France and the Low Countries.

Question 6

What were the principle doctrines of mercantilism, and how do they differ from those of capitalism?

Accepted Answer

The principle doctrines of mercantilism

Question 7

The development of a Portuguese maritime empire encompassing Malacca and the Malay Peninsula was achieved, in part, through

Accepted Answer

A) ruthless and murderous attacks on Arab settlers in the region. 
B) the negotiation of four commercial treaties with Arab traders. 
C) the use of African warriors to defeat the local residents. 
D) massive bribery to local Arab overlords. 
E) peaceful diplomacy between Portuguese and Arab ambassadors. 
A) ruthless and murderous attacks on Arab settlers in the region. 
B) the negotiation of four commercial treaties with Arab traders. 
C) the use of African warriors to defeat the local residents. 
D) massive bribery to local Arab overlords. 
E) peaceful diplomacy between Portuguese and Arab ambassadors.

Question 8

The European nation that had the first direct contact with China since Marco Polo was

Accepted Answer

A) Portugal. 
B) Spain. 
C) the Dutch Republic. 
D) Russia. 
E) England. 
A) Portugal. 
B) Spain. 
C) the Dutch Republic. 
D) Russia. 
E) England.

Question 9

Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by

Accepted Answer

A) the first circumnavigation of the globe by Amerigo Vespucci. 
B) the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortés. 
C) the conquest of Mayan civilization by Magellan. 
D) Pizarro's rounding of the tip of South America in 1519. 
E) Cabot's search for the Northwest Passage. 
A) the first circumnavigation of the globe by Amerigo Vespucci. 
B) the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortés. 
C) the conquest of Mayan civilization by Magellan. 
D) Pizarro's rounding of the tip of South America in 1519. 
E) Cabot's search for the Northwest Passage.

Question 10

The African slave trade

Accepted Answer

A) had little impact on the level of violence and warfare in Africa. 
B) reduced warfare and violence in Africa because all the African states united against the European slavers. 
C) increased warfare and violence in Africa because of the increasing demand for prisoners who could be sold as slaves. 
D) died out with the discovery of the South Asian Spice Islands. 
E) was carried out peacefully, as wars or violence would reduce the number of slaves and thus profits. 
A) had little impact on the level of violence and warfare in Africa. 
B) reduced warfare and violence in Africa because all the African states united against the European slavers. 
C) increased warfare and violence in Africa because of the increasing demand for prisoners who could be sold as slaves. 
D) died out with the discovery of the South Asian Spice Islands. 
E) was carried out peacefully, as wars or violence would reduce the number of slaves and thus profits.

Question 11

The famous medieval traveler reputed to have journeyed to the court of Kublai Khan was Prester John.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The most famous map projection in history is

Accepted Answer

A) the portolani. 
B) Ptolemy's Geography. 
C) that of Gerardus Mercator. 
D) Galileo's The Starry Messenger. 
E) dead-reckoning. 
A) the portolani. 
B) Ptolemy's Geography. 
C) that of Gerardus Mercator. 
D) Galileo's The Starry Messenger. 
E) dead-reckoning.

Question 13

Before the nineteenth century, which of the following areas was least affected by European power and influence?

Accepted Answer

A) China and Japan 
B) Africa 
C) North America 
D) South America 
E) India 
A) China and Japan 
B) Africa 
C) North America 
D) South America 
E) India

Question 14

The Mesoamerica civilization which existed at the time of European exploration was the

Accepted Answer

A) Maya. 
B) Inca. 
C) Toltec. 
D) Aztec. 
E) Zapotec. 
A) Maya. 
B) Inca. 
C) Toltec. 
D) Aztec. 
E) Zapotec.

Question 15

Portugal's attempt to dominate Southeast Asian trade

Accepted Answer

A) was a complete success, with Portugal decimating indigenous populations and replacing them with Portuguese colonists. 
B) was never totally successful because Portugal lacked the resources to overcome local resistance. 
C) ended when the Portuguese crown decided that its empire violated Christian moral principles. 
D) resulted in a peaceful partnership with Spain, with both states sharing the profits of the spice trade equally. 
E) was a complete failure after the defeat of the Portuguese navy at the Battle of Bombay. 
A) was a complete success, with Portugal decimating indigenous populations and replacing them with Portuguese colonists. 
B) was never totally successful because Portugal lacked the resources to overcome local resistance. 
C) ended when the Portuguese crown decided that its empire violated Christian moral principles. 
D) resulted in a peaceful partnership with Spain, with both states sharing the profits of the spice trade equally. 
E) was a complete failure after the defeat of the Portuguese navy at the Battle of Bombay.

Question 16

The inflation of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries

Accepted Answer

A) brought an abrupt halt to commercial expansion. 
B) was the result of too little money in circulation. 
C) caused a decline in the standard of living for wage earners and those on fixed incomes. 
D) was caused largely by a shrinking labor force. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) brought an abrupt halt to commercial expansion. 
B) was the result of too little money in circulation. 
C) caused a decline in the standard of living for wage earners and those on fixed incomes. 
D) was caused largely by a shrinking labor force. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 17

​Jesuit missionaries had their greatest and most enduring success in the conversion of Japan to Christianity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In Japan, Tokugawa Ieyasu

Accepted Answer

A) expelled all missionaries. 
B) invited Protestant missionaries to visit. 
C) executed all missionaries. 
D) converted to Catholicism. 
E) invited French Catholic missionaries to stay. 
A) expelled all missionaries. 
B) invited Protestant missionaries to visit. 
C) executed all missionaries. 
D) converted to Catholicism. 
E) invited French Catholic missionaries to stay.

Question 19

The greatness of Ming China was due to the accomplishments of the two monarchs, Kangxi and Qianlong, who ruled from the mid-seventeenth century to the late eighteenth century.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The European disease that ravaged the Aztecs and Inca was

Accepted Answer

A) syphilis. 
B) hemorrhagic fever. 
C) smallpox. 
D) influenza. 
E) gout. 
A) syphilis. 
B) hemorrhagic fever. 
C) smallpox. 
D) influenza. 
E) gout.

Exam 14: Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

The major critic of the Spanish treatment of the American natives was

How would you characterize the indigenous empires present in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans? What were their strengths, and what were their weaknesses?

Which of the following statements best applies to the economy of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe?

The sea captain who first made a sea voyage directly from Europe to India was

The religious crusading motive for exploration was strongest in

What were the principle doctrines of mercantilism, and how do they differ from those of capitalism?

The development of a Portuguese maritime empire encompassing Malacca and the Malay Peninsula was achieved, in part, through

The European nation that had the first direct contact with China since Marco Polo was

Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by

The African slave trade

The famous medieval traveler reputed to have journeyed to the court of Kublai Khan was Prester John.

The most famous map projection in history is

Before the nineteenth century, which of the following areas was least affected by European power and influence?

The Mesoamerica civilization which existed at the time of European exploration was the

Portugal's attempt to dominate Southeast Asian trade

The inflation of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries

​Jesuit missionaries had their greatest and most enduring success in the conversion of Japan to Christianity.

In Japan, Tokugawa Ieyasu

The greatness of Ming China was due to the accomplishments of the two monarchs, Kangxi and Qianlong, who ruled from the mid-seventeenth century to the late eighteenth century.

The European disease that ravaged the Aztecs and Inca was

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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Jesuit missionaries had their greatest and most enduring success in the conversion of Japan to Christianity.