Question 1

Rousseau's influential novel, Émile, deals with these key Enlightenment themes:

Accepted Answer

A) proper child rearing and human education. 
B) the best roles for women in making modern society. 
C) the necessity of church marriage and reform of church teaching on this sacrament. 
D) the abolition of the pope's restrictions on religious practices and the content of sermons. 
E) the evils of child abuse. 
A) proper child rearing and human education. 
B) the best roles for women in making modern society. 
C) the necessity of church marriage and reform of church teaching on this sacrament. 
D) the abolition of the pope's restrictions on religious practices and the content of sermons. 
E) the evils of child abuse.

Question 2

The French Physiocrats, in their belief in natural economic laws, were harsh critics of economic mercantilism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The French philosophes

Accepted Answer

A) flourished in an atmosphere of government support. 
B) sought no extension of Enlightenment to other disciplines. 
C) were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world through reason and rationality. 
D) supported state censorship of ideas contrary to their own. 
E) were widely influenced by Jean Jacques Rousseau and his emphasis upon emotions. 
A) flourished in an atmosphere of government support. 
B) sought no extension of Enlightenment to other disciplines. 
C) were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world through reason and rationality. 
D) supported state censorship of ideas contrary to their own. 
E) were widely influenced by Jean Jacques Rousseau and his emphasis upon emotions.

Question 4

The religious movement that came to be known as Methodism

Accepted Answer

A) was founded by Count Nikolaus von Zinzendorf. 
B) was particularly popular in the Holy Roman Empire. 
C) was critical of emotional mysticism and religious enthusiasm. 
D) became a separate and independent sect from the Anglican Church. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) was founded by Count Nikolaus von Zinzendorf. 
B) was particularly popular in the Holy Roman Empire. 
C) was critical of emotional mysticism and religious enthusiasm. 
D) became a separate and independent sect from the Anglican Church. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 5

The leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws was

Accepted Answer

A) Denis Diderot. 
B) Adam Smith. 
C) François Quesnay. 
D) Cesare Beccaria. 
E) David Hume. 
A) Denis Diderot. 
B) Adam Smith. 
C) François Quesnay. 
D) Cesare Beccaria. 
E) David Hume.

Question 6

Montesquieu's Persian Letters

Accepted Answer

A) expressed his admiration of Islam and the East. 
B) was a translation of a great literary work from ancient Persia. 
C) was a method that allowed him to criticize the Catholic Church and the French monarchy. 
D) was first written in Latin but later translated into French. 
E) was published first in Italy. 
A) expressed his admiration of Islam and the East. 
B) was a translation of a great literary work from ancient Persia. 
C) was a method that allowed him to criticize the Catholic Church and the French monarchy. 
D) was first written in Latin but later translated into French. 
E) was published first in Italy.

Question 7

A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the eighteenth century is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) Voltaire. 
B) Diderot. 
C) Montesquieu. 
D) Hume. 
E) Beccaria. 
A) Voltaire. 
B) Diderot. 
C) Montesquieu. 
D) Hume. 
E) Beccaria.

Question 8

The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to

Accepted Answer

A) scientific theism. 
B) an abandonment of the scientific method. 
C) intellectual stagnation. 
D) the formation of several agnostic religious movements. 
E) the emergence of the "science of man." 
A) scientific theism. 
B) an abandonment of the scientific method. 
C) intellectual stagnation. 
D) the formation of several agnostic religious movements. 
E) the emergence of the "science of man."

Question 9

The eighteenth-century composer considered to be the most innovative who composed the opera The Marriage of Figaro was

Accepted Answer

A) Bach. 
B) Handel. 
C) Haydn. 
D) Beethoven. 
E) Mozart. 
A) Bach. 
B) Handel. 
C) Haydn. 
D) Beethoven. 
E) Mozart.

Question 10

"Pietism" refers to an emphasis on the mystical experience of God as a conduit of faith.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Voltaire was best known for his criticism of

Accepted Answer

A) the German monarchical system. 
B) the separation of church and state. 
C) religious intolerance. 
D) Plato and the Greeks. 
E) Chinese civilization. 
A) the German monarchical system. 
B) the separation of church and state. 
C) religious intolerance. 
D) Plato and the Greeks. 
E) Chinese civilization.

Question 12

The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by

Accepted Answer

A) Mary Wollstonecraft. 
B) Beatrice Williams. 
C) Mary Astell. 
D) Princess Amelia of Austria. 
E) Maria Cavendish. 
A) Mary Wollstonecraft. 
B) Beatrice Williams. 
C) Mary Astell. 
D) Princess Amelia of Austria. 
E) Maria Cavendish.

Question 13

The purpose of Diderot's Encyclopedia, according to him, was to

Accepted Answer

A) get the uneducated masses to respect authority. 
B) usher in God's kingdom on earth. 
C) dispute the claims of science. 
D) exacerbate the hedonism of his peers. 
E) change the general way of thinking. 
A) get the uneducated masses to respect authority. 
B) usher in God's kingdom on earth. 
C) dispute the claims of science. 
D) exacerbate the hedonism of his peers. 
E) change the general way of thinking.

Question 14

The growth of reading and publishing in the eighteenth century was aided and characterized by the development of

Accepted Answer

A) private tutors. 
B) magazines for the general public. 
C) compulsory education for the general public. 
D) state investments in free books. 
E) libraries. 
A) private tutors. 
B) magazines for the general public. 
C) compulsory education for the general public. 
D) state investments in free books. 
E) libraries.

Question 15

What ideas and values defined the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment was a period of intell

Question 16

Compare and contrast deism with strains of popular religiosity in the eighteenth century.

Accepted Answer

Deism and popular religiosity in the eig

Question 17

The French painter whose work represented the continuing appeal of Neoclassicism was

Accepted Answer

A) Antoine Watteau. 
B) Balthasar Neumann. 
C) Jacques-Louis David. 
D) Rembrandt. 
E) Caspar David Friedrich. 
A) Antoine Watteau. 
B) Balthasar Neumann. 
C) Jacques-Louis David. 
D) Rembrandt. 
E) Caspar David Friedrich.

Question 18

Published travel accounts of different cultures

Accepted Answer

A) presented an image of "natural man" who was happier than many Europeans. 
B) saw the origin of the idea of the "noble savage." 
C) led to the development of cultural relativism. 
D) resulted in religious skepticism, as Europeans realized the existence of a variety of perceptions of the divine. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) presented an image of "natural man" who was happier than many Europeans. 
B) saw the origin of the idea of the "noble savage." 
C) led to the development of cultural relativism. 
D) resulted in religious skepticism, as Europeans realized the existence of a variety of perceptions of the divine. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 19

Pogroms were

Accepted Answer

A) parties held to celebrate the amity between Jews and Christians. 
B) instances of massacring and looting of Jewish communities. 
C) special Jewish holidays practiced only by Sephardim. 
D) special Jewish holidays practiced only by Ashkenazim. 
E) treaties offering Jews economic liberties. 
A) parties held to celebrate the amity between Jews and Christians. 
B) instances of massacring and looting of Jewish communities. 
C) special Jewish holidays practiced only by Sephardim. 
D) special Jewish holidays practiced only by Ashkenazim. 
E) treaties offering Jews economic liberties.

Question 20

Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended

Accepted Answer

A) the application of the scientific method to the analysis and understanding of all aspects of human life. 
B) the rational dismantling of all churches and their competing but empty ideologies. 
C) a complete stop to all efforts at the reform of justice. 
D) rigorous state control of all forms of education. 
E) the establishment of democratic republics throughout Europe. 
A) the application of the scientific method to the analysis and understanding of all aspects of human life. 
B) the rational dismantling of all churches and their competing but empty ideologies. 
C) a complete stop to all efforts at the reform of justice. 
D) rigorous state control of all forms of education. 
E) the establishment of democratic republics throughout Europe.

Exam 17: The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment

Rousseau's influential novel, Émile, deals with these key Enlightenment themes:

The French Physiocrats, in their belief in natural economic laws, were harsh critics of economic mercantilism.

The French philosophes

The religious movement that came to be known as Methodism

The leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws was

Montesquieu's Persian Letters

A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the eighteenth century is associated with

The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to

The eighteenth-century composer considered to be the most innovative who composed the opera The Marriage of Figaro was

"Pietism" refers to an emphasis on the mystical experience of God as a conduit of faith.

Voltaire was best known for his criticism of

The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the Enlightenment was made by

The purpose of Diderot's Encyclopedia, according to him, was to

The growth of reading and publishing in the eighteenth century was aided and characterized by the development of

What ideas and values defined the Enlightenment?

Compare and contrast deism with strains of popular religiosity in the eighteenth century.

The French painter whose work represented the continuing appeal of Neoclassicism was

Published travel accounts of different cultures

Pogroms were

Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularists because they strongly recommended

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires

The Civilization of the Greeks

The Hellenistic World

The Roman Republic

The Roman Empire

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century

Recovery and Rebirth: the Age of the Renaissance

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century

Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871

Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars 1919-1939

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II

Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World 1965-1985

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age Since 1985

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