Question 1

The parts of an amino acid that are important in the protein buffer system are the

Accepted Answer

A) amino and R groups. 
B) amino and carboxyl groups. 
C) monocarbonate and bicarbonate groups. 
D) monohydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate groups. 
A) amino and R groups. 
B) amino and carboxyl groups. 
C) monocarbonate and bicarbonate groups. 
D) monohydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate groups.

Question 2

The movement of water between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion and osmosis. 
B) hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure. 
C) pinocytosis and phagocytosis. 
D) active and passive transport. 
A) diffusion and osmosis. 
B) hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure. 
C) pinocytosis and phagocytosis. 
D) active and passive transport.

Question 3

Compared to the average adult male, the average adult female has

Accepted Answer

A) more water and more adipose tissue. 
B) more water and less adipose tissue. 
C) less water and more adipose tissue. 
D) less water and less adipose tissue. 
A) more water and more adipose tissue. 
B) more water and less adipose tissue. 
C) less water and more adipose tissue. 
D) less water and less adipose tissue.

Question 4

Baby Britney develops a respiratory infection in both lungs. The infection causes an accumulation of fluid in her alveoli. Which of the following describes a way her body will try to compensate for the pH-related condition she will develop?

Accepted Answer

A) Decrease the breathing rate 
B) Reduce the gas exchange surface area 
C) Retain more H+ in the kidneys 
D) Increase rate and depth of breathing 
A) Decrease the breathing rate 
B) Reduce the gas exchange surface area 
C) Retain more H+ in the kidneys 
D) Increase rate and depth of breathing

Question 5

When proteins can acts as a buffer system, their -COOH groups can accept H⁺ in the presence of excess acid, and their NH₃ groups can release H⁺ in the presence of excess base.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is a physiological buffer?

Accepted Answer

A) Bicarbonate buffer 
B) Phosphate buffer 
C) Protein buffer 
D) Renal mechanism 
A) Bicarbonate buffer 
B) Phosphate buffer 
C) Protein buffer 
D) Renal mechanism

Question 7

People who are at high risk for heatstroke include

Accepted Answer

A) infants and people prone to fevers. 
B) people who have mice for pets. 
C) mountain climbers and elderly marathoners. 
D) athletes who exercise in high heat and soldiers in the desert. 
A) infants and people prone to fevers. 
B) people who have mice for pets. 
C) mountain climbers and elderly marathoners. 
D) athletes who exercise in high heat and soldiers in the desert.

Question 8

A strong acid is one that ________ and an example is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) ionizes more completely; H₂CO₃ 
B) ionizes less completely; H₂SO₄ 
C) releases less H⁺; H₃PO₄ 
D) ionizes more completely; HCl 
A) ionizes more completely; H₂CO₃ 
B) ionizes less completely; H₂SO₄ 
C) releases less H⁺; H₃PO₄ 
D) ionizes more completely; HCl

Question 9

Which of the following body compartments is correctly matched with its location in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Intracellular:all fluids outside cells 
B) Extracellular:fluid in tissue spaces, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels 
C) Extracellular:fluid in cells 
D) Transcellular:between the lipid layers of cell membranes 
A) Intracellular:all fluids outside cells 
B) Extracellular:fluid in tissue spaces, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels 
C) Extracellular:fluid in cells 
D) Transcellular:between the lipid layers of cell membranes

Question 10

The concentration of calcium ions in extracellular fluid is regulated primarily by a hormone secreted by the ________ glands.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concentration of calcium ions in extracellular...

Question 11

The thirst mechanism is usually not triggered until the volume of the body water has been decreased by 5-10%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The hormone ADH is released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Normally, fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries as a result of active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Alkalosis is a condition in which the pH of arterial blood is

Accepted Answer

A) below 7.35. 
B) above 7.35. 
C) below 7.45. 
D) above 7.45. 
A) below 7.35. 
B) above 7.35. 
C) below 7.45. 
D) above 7.45.

Question 15

Prolonged vomiting, in which only the stomach contents are lost, leads to

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 16

Maxwell has just finished a brutal 10 kilometer run. His body has

Accepted Answer

A) an increased production of carbonic acid and increased pH of body fluids. 
B) an increased production of carbonic acid and decreased pH of body fluids. 
C) a decreased production of carbonic acid, and increased pH of body fluids. 
D) a decreased production of carbonic acid and decreased pH of body fluids. 
A) an increased production of carbonic acid and increased pH of body fluids. 
B) an increased production of carbonic acid and decreased pH of body fluids. 
C) a decreased production of carbonic acid, and increased pH of body fluids. 
D) a decreased production of carbonic acid and decreased pH of body fluids.

Question 17

Water intoxication is associated with which condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypoglycemia 
B) Hypocalcemia 
C) Hyponatremia 
D) Hypoxia 
A) Hypoglycemia 
B) Hypocalcemia 
C) Hyponatremia 
D) Hypoxia

Question 18

Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of

Accepted Answer

A) chloride and potassium ions. 
B) sodium and phosphate ions. 
C) potassium and phosphate ions. 
D) sodium and chloride ions. 
A) chloride and potassium ions. 
B) sodium and phosphate ions. 
C) potassium and phosphate ions. 
D) sodium and chloride ions.

Question 19

Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because

Accepted Answer

A) water dissolves in electrolytes. 
B) water and electrolytes are both in an ionic state in the blood. 
C) both form ions in blood. 
D) electrolytes are dissolved in water. 
A) water dissolves in electrolytes. 
B) water and electrolytes are both in an ionic state in the blood. 
C) both form ions in blood. 
D) electrolytes are dissolved in water.

Question 20

Water intoxication causes

Accepted Answer

A) low blood sodium. 
B) high blood sodium. 
C) low blood potassium. 
D) abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid. 
A) low blood sodium. 
B) high blood sodium. 
C) low blood potassium. 
D) abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid.

Exam 21: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The parts of an amino acid that are important in the protein buffer system are the

The movement of water between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by

Compared to the average adult male, the average adult female has

Baby Britney develops a respiratory infection in both lungs. The infection causes an accumulation of fluid in her alveoli. Which of the following describes a way her body will try to compensate for the pH-related condition she will develop?

When proteins can acts as a buffer system, their -COOH groups can accept H⁺ in the presence of excess acid, and their NH₃ groups can release H⁺ in the presence of excess base.

Which of the following is a physiological buffer?

People who are at high risk for heatstroke include

A strong acid is one that ________ and an example is ________.

Which of the following body compartments is correctly matched with its location in the body?

The concentration of calcium ions in extracellular fluid is regulated primarily by a hormone secreted by the ________ glands.

The thirst mechanism is usually not triggered until the volume of the body water has been decreased by 5-10%.

The hormone ADH is released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Normally, fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries as a result of active transport.

Alkalosis is a condition in which the pH of arterial blood is

Prolonged vomiting, in which only the stomach contents are lost, leads to

Maxwell has just finished a brutal 10 kilometer run. His body has

Water intoxication is associated with which condition?

Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of

Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because

Water intoxication causes

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Divisions of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

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A strong acid is one that and an example is .