Exam 21: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes in the

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by ________ of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by ________.

What is edema?

Lara had a gastric band placed around her stomach, which makes it smaller and able to hold less. How will this affect her thirst?

Acidosis is a condition in which the pH of arterial blood is

If excess water enters the body,

When sodium ions are reabsorbed in response to the action of aldosterone, potassium ions are

An arterial blood pH above 7.45 is called ________.

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form ________.

Respiratory alkalosis can be

ADH level in blood regulates water output by what mechanism?

The sequence of symptoms of heatstroke is

A blood pH of 7.2 inhibits the respiratory center in the brainstem and decreases CO₂ level.

A person in a moderate environment would lose the greatest volume of water in

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is

Water obtained as a by-product of the oxidation of various nutrients is called water of ________.

The ________ fluid compartment includes all water and electrolytes enclosed by a cell membrane.

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include

Chemical buffer systems act rapidly against shifts in pH, whereas physiological buffer systems function more slowly.

Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by