Question 1

The glomerular capsule is composed of two layers of squamous epithelial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Peristaltic waves force urine along the length of the ureter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

An antibiotic is circulating through the blood when it passes through the kidneys. Only a miniscule amount of it passes through the glomerular capillary and enters the glomerular filtrate, but when its presence in the urine is measured, it has been almost completely excreted! How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A) During the process of reabsorption, flow of water across the tubular membrane into the peritubular capillary passively encourages the antibiotic to cross the opposite way. 
B) Stimulation from nerves causes the efferent arteriole to constrict and force the antibiotic through the glomerular capillary into the filtrate. 
C) The antibiotic is actively transported into the proximal tubule during tubular secretion. 
D) Sodium ions crossing into the blood of the peritubular capillary increases osmotic pressure and forces the antibiotic into the proximal tubule. 
A) During the process of reabsorption, flow of water across the tubular membrane into the peritubular capillary passively encourages the antibiotic to cross the opposite way. 
B) Stimulation from nerves causes the efferent arteriole to constrict and force the antibiotic through the glomerular capillary into the filtrate. 
C) The antibiotic is actively transported into the proximal tubule during tubular secretion. 
D) Sodium ions crossing into the blood of the peritubular capillary increases osmotic pressure and forces the antibiotic into the proximal tubule. C

Question 4

An adaptation of the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule for reabsorption is

Accepted Answer

A) thin walls. 
B) rugae folds that increase surface area. 
C) secreting enzymes that activate absorption of substances. 
D) microscopic projections called microvilli. 
A) thin walls. 
B) rugae folds that increase surface area. 
C) secreting enzymes that activate absorption of substances. 
D) microscopic projections called microvilli.

Question 5

You are dissecting a kidney in class and, after cutting a sagittal section through the kidney, decide to remove some of the lighter-colored inner structures near the superior end of the ureter. You remove a funnel-shaped sac that connects directly into the ureter, along with many tubes that converge to form the funnel-shaped sac. Which structures have you removed?

Accepted Answer

A) The renal medulla and renal pyramids 
B) The renal pelvis and the calyces 
C) The renal cortex and the renal medulla 
D) The adrenal glands 
A) The renal medulla and renal pyramids 
B) The renal pelvis and the calyces 
C) The renal cortex and the renal medulla 
D) The adrenal glands

Question 6

Liam is a bodybuilder and frequently consumes protein powder as part of his fitness regimen. Lenny is on the Zone diet and carefully watches how much protein he eats, making sure to limit his intake. Which person will have more urea in their urine?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liam is a bodybuilder and frequently consumes...

Question 7

The efferent arteriole is stimulated to vasoconstrict. What effect will this have on glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

A) Glomerular filtration will be encouraged. 
B) Glomerular filtration will be discouraged. 
C) Glomerular filtration will stop. 
D) Less water and electrolytes will pass from the capillaries into the capsule. 
A) Glomerular filtration will be encouraged. 
B) Glomerular filtration will be discouraged. 
C) Glomerular filtration will stop. 
D) Less water and electrolytes will pass from the capillaries into the capsule.

Question 8

Nephrons whose corpuscles are near the renal medulla are called ________.

Accepted Answer

juxtamedul

Question 9

Which of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased blood pressure 
B) Increased blood pressure 
C) A constricted afferent arteriole 
D) A dilated efferent arteriole 
A) Decreased blood pressure 
B) Increased blood pressure 
C) A constricted afferent arteriole 
D) A dilated efferent arteriole

Question 10

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

Accepted Answer

A) nucleic acid byproducts. 
B) calcium oxalate. 
C) cholesterol. 
D) magnesium phosphate. 
A) nucleic acid byproducts. 
B) calcium oxalate. 
C) cholesterol. 
D) magnesium phosphate.

Question 11

A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is

Accepted Answer

A) uric acid. 
B) urea. 
C) ammonia. 
D) water. 
A) uric acid. 
B) urea. 
C) ammonia. 
D) water.

Question 12

Choose the glomerular filtrate list that would indicate an improperly functioning glomerular filtration system.

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphate, potassium, sodium, water 
B) Uric acid, creatinine, phosphate, sodium 
C) Water, large proteins, glucose, potassium 
D) Glucose, amino acids, creatine, urea, bicarbonate 
A) Phosphate, potassium, sodium, water 
B) Uric acid, creatinine, phosphate, sodium 
C) Water, large proteins, glucose, potassium 
D) Glucose, amino acids, creatine, urea, bicarbonate

Question 13

An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure ________ the rate of glomerular filtration.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) does not change 
D) has a variable effect on 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) does not change 
D) has a variable effect on

Question 14

A dye (with small, water-soluble particles)is injected into the renal artery and blood is then pumped artificially. A glomerulus and surrounding structures are then inspected for dye. Which structures and substances will contain dye?

Accepted Answer

A) Afferent arteriole only 
B) Afferent arteriole, glomerular capsule, and efferent arteriole only 
C) Afferent arteriole, glomerular capsule, efferent arteriole, urine, and lymph 
D) Afferent arteriole, glomerular capsule, and urine only 
A) Afferent arteriole only 
B) Afferent arteriole, glomerular capsule, and efferent arteriole only 
C) Afferent arteriole, glomerular capsule, efferent arteriole, urine, and lymph 
D) Afferent arteriole, glomerular capsule, and urine only

Question 15

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A) Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
B) Renal pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
C) Calyx, renal pelvis, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder 
D) Renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra 
A) Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
B) Renal pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
C) Calyx, renal pelvis, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder 
D) Renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

Question 16

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Accepted Answer

A) person controlling contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter. 
B) sympathetic impulses stimulating the internal urethral sphincter. 
C) relaxation of the external urethral sphincter. 
D) voluntary contractions or inhibition of the prostate gland. 
A) person controlling contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter. 
B) sympathetic impulses stimulating the internal urethral sphincter. 
C) relaxation of the external urethral sphincter. 
D) voluntary contractions or inhibition of the prostate gland.

Question 17

Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased GFR 
B) Renal tubules become encased in fat 
C) Fibrous connective tissue accumulates around the kidney capsule 
D) Nephrons invert 
A) Decreased GFR 
B) Renal tubules become encased in fat 
C) Fibrous connective tissue accumulates around the kidney capsule 
D) Nephrons invert

Question 18

One concern with certain antibiotics is how quickly they are excreted via active transport in tubular secretion. Would you expect an older individual to have this same problem with antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A) No. After a certain age, active transport of drugs and other substances completely stops. 
B) No. During the process of aging, tubular functions like secretion become less efficient, so antibiotics will stay in the system longer than usual. 
C) Yes. Aging doesn't really affect tubular secretion as much as it affects the other functions of the kidneys. 
D) Yes. Aging causes renal processing to become unusually fast, with many substances being excessively excreted. 
A) No. After a certain age, active transport of drugs and other substances completely stops. 
B) No. During the process of aging, tubular functions like secretion become less efficient, so antibiotics will stay in the system longer than usual. 
C) Yes. Aging doesn't really affect tubular secretion as much as it affects the other functions of the kidneys. 
D) Yes. Aging causes renal processing to become unusually fast, with many substances being excessively excreted.

Question 19

A renal corpuscle is a ________, whereas a renal tubule is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule 
B) special blood cell in the kidneys; tubule that leads from the kidneys to the bladder 
C) storage area for urine; tubule that carries urine from the urinary bladder outside 
D) glandular structure that regulates blood pressure; blood vessel that regulates the flow of blood into the glomerulus 
A) cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule 
B) special blood cell in the kidneys; tubule that leads from the kidneys to the bladder 
C) storage area for urine; tubule that carries urine from the urinary bladder outside 
D) glandular structure that regulates blood pressure; blood vessel that regulates the flow of blood into the glomerulus

Question 20

Glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid in composition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Urinary System

The glomerular capsule is composed of two layers of squamous epithelial cells.

Peristaltic waves force urine along the length of the ureter.

An antibiotic is circulating through the blood when it passes through the kidneys. Only a miniscule amount of it passes through the glomerular capillary and enters the glomerular filtrate, but when its presence in the urine is measured, it has been almost completely excreted! How is this possible?

An adaptation of the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule for reabsorption is

Liam is a bodybuilder and frequently consumes protein powder as part of his fitness regimen. Lenny is on the Zone diet and carefully watches how much protein he eats, making sure to limit his intake. Which person will have more urea in their urine?

The efferent arteriole is stimulated to vasoconstrict. What effect will this have on glomerular filtration?

Nephrons whose corpuscles are near the renal medulla are called ________.

Which of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is

Choose the glomerular filtrate list that would indicate an improperly functioning glomerular filtration system.

An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure ________ the rate of glomerular filtration.

A dye (with small, water-soluble particles)is injected into the renal artery and blood is then pumped artificially. A glomerulus and surrounding structures are then inspected for dye. Which structures and substances will contain dye?

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system?

One concern with certain antibiotics is how quickly they are excreted via active transport in tubular secretion. Would you expect an older individual to have this same problem with antibiotics?

A renal corpuscle is a ________, whereas a renal tubule is a ________.

Glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid in composition.

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Divisions of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

Filters

A renal corpuscle is a , whereas a renal tubule is a .