Question 1

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat

Accepted Answer

A) kidney failure. 
B) a urinary tract infection. 
C) kidney stones. 
D) gout. 
A) kidney failure. 
B) a urinary tract infection. 
C) kidney stones. 
D) gout.

Question 2

What would be the likely outcome if tubular reabsorption in the nephron did not occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Bioaccumulation of toxic waste 
B) Excessive loss of fluids and, eventually, death 
C) Cessation of urination 
D) Excessive retention of electrolytes and glucose 
A) Bioaccumulation of toxic waste 
B) Excessive loss of fluids and, eventually, death 
C) Cessation of urination 
D) Excessive retention of electrolytes and glucose

Question 3

When the concentration of water in body fluids increases, the secretion of ADH increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

An increase in sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption by actively transporting water into the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the

Accepted Answer

A) renal corpuscle. 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) nephron loop. 
A) renal corpuscle. 
B) proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) nephron loop.

Question 6

Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate moves into the

Accepted Answer

A) renal pelvis. 
B) minor calyx. 
C) renal tubule. 
D) ureter. 
A) renal pelvis. 
B) minor calyx. 
C) renal tubule. 
D) ureter.

Question 7

Marvin goes on vacation to Maine and for a week eats nothing but seafood. The next week, he experiences intense pain in his big toe. He probably has

Accepted Answer

A) Balkan endemic nephropathy. 
B) diuresis. 
C) edema. 
D) gout. 
A) Balkan endemic nephropathy. 
B) diuresis. 
C) edema. 
D) gout.

Question 8

The relative concentration of potassium is

Accepted Answer

A) higher in urine than plasma or glomerular filtrate. 
B) higher in plasma and glomerular filtrate than in urine. 
C) about equal in plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine. 
D) lower in urine than plasma or glomerular filtrate. 
A) higher in urine than plasma or glomerular filtrate. 
B) higher in plasma and glomerular filtrate than in urine. 
C) about equal in plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine. 
D) lower in urine than plasma or glomerular filtrate.

Question 9

The ureter extends downward

Accepted Answer

A) behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. 
B) behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below. 
C) in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. 
D) in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below. 
A) behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. 
B) behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below. 
C) in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. 
D) in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.

Question 10

Athletes might abuse which of the following chemicals made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) Erythropoietin (EPO) 
C) Glomerular filtrate 
D) Urea 
A) ADH 
B) Erythropoietin (EPO) 
C) Glomerular filtrate 
D) Urea

Question 11

You are doing a dissection in class. You need to cut open a kidney, but first you must remove a tough, fibrous membrane covering it. What is this structure?

Accepted Answer

A) The renal medulla 
B) The major calyx 
C) The renal cortex 
D) The tunic fibrosa 
A) The renal medulla 
B) The major calyx 
C) The renal cortex 
D) The tunic fibrosa

Question 12

Uric acid results from the metabolism of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Uric acid results from the metabolism of...

Question 13

At the renal plasma threshold

Accepted Answer

A) more glucose is in the filtrate than active transport can handle. 
B) blood volume is so great that nephrons cannot keep up. 
C) the urine has too little glucose. 
D) more glucose is in the blood, limiting the amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed. 
A) more glucose is in the filtrate than active transport can handle. 
B) blood volume is so great that nephrons cannot keep up. 
C) the urine has too little glucose. 
D) more glucose is in the blood, limiting the amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed.

Question 14

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

A) decreases sodium excretion. 
B) increases sodium excretion. 
C) decreases potassium excretion. 
D) increases potassium excretion. 
A) decreases sodium excretion. 
B) increases sodium excretion. 
C) decreases potassium excretion. 
D) increases potassium excretion.

Question 15

Up to ________ of urea is filtered and recycled.

Accepted Answer

A) 33% 
B) 55% 
C) 80% 
D) 100% 
A) 33% 
B) 55% 
C) 80% 
D) 100%

Question 16

About how many liters of fluid will an average adult filter through both kidneys in two days?

Accepted Answer

A) 360 
B) 540 
C) 250 
D) 180 
A) 360 
B) 540 
C) 250 
D) 180

Question 17

Autoregulation refers to

Accepted Answer

A) maintaining constant GFR. 
B) secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide at a constant rate. 
C) secretion of renin at a constant rate. 
D) actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
A) maintaining constant GFR. 
B) secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide at a constant rate. 
C) secretion of renin at a constant rate. 
D) actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 18

Barbara has the disease gout. The inflammation and pain in her joints is due to excess ________ in her plasma, which leads to crystal deposits in her great toe joint.

Accepted Answer

A) uric acid 
B) urea 
C) calcium ions 
D) amino acids 
A) uric acid 
B) urea 
C) calcium ions 
D) amino acids

Question 19

A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is

Accepted Answer

A) uric acid. 
B) urea. 
C) ammonia. 
D) water. 
A) uric acid. 
B) urea. 
C) ammonia. 
D) water.

Question 20

The ________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body.

Accepted Answer

A) ureter 
B) urethra 
C) collecting duct 
D) nephron loop 
A) ureter 
B) urethra 
C) collecting duct 
D) nephron loop

Exam 20: Urinary System

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat

What would be the likely outcome if tubular reabsorption in the nephron did not occur?

When the concentration of water in body fluids increases, the secretion of ADH increases.

An increase in sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption by actively transporting water into the blood.

The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the

Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate moves into the

Marvin goes on vacation to Maine and for a week eats nothing but seafood. The next week, he experiences intense pain in his big toe. He probably has

The relative concentration of potassium is

The ureter extends downward

Athletes might abuse which of the following chemicals made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production?

You are doing a dissection in class. You need to cut open a kidney, but first you must remove a tough, fibrous membrane covering it. What is this structure?

Uric acid results from the metabolism of ________.

At the renal plasma threshold

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

Up to ________ of urea is filtered and recycled.

About how many liters of fluid will an average adult filter through both kidneys in two days?

Autoregulation refers to

Barbara has the disease gout. The inflammation and pain in her joints is due to excess ________ in her plasma, which leads to crystal deposits in her great toe joint.

A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is

The ________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body.

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Divisions of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

Filters