Exam 12: Ex Post Facto Research

Which of the following is not possible in ex post facto research?

Matching as a control strategy is most useful when pairing subjects from

In an ex post facto investigation, a positive relationship was found between self-esteem (X) and reading achievement (Y).A plausible explanation for this finding is:

Exhibit 12-6: In an ex post facto study, a researcher investigated the effect of academic self-concept on school achievement.He concluded that a more positive self-concept leads to higher achievement in school.Label the following plausible alternative hypotheses as common cause, reverse causality, or other independent variables may be operating. -Refer to Exhibit 12-6.Another variable such as academic aptitude results in both a positive academic self-concept and high achievement in school.

A researcher is studying the social effects of being learning disabled.This study is ex post facto because the

Which of the alternative explanations is the easiest to investigate?

Exhibit 12-3: In a study of the membership of the most influential business persons' organization in River City, it was found that the proportion of those who are also members of the Buffalo Honorary Club (BHC) is much higher than the portion of BHC members in the general city population.One might conclude that participation in BHC activities is a positive influence in leading people to become successful businesspersons or a number of alternative hypotheses could be suggested.Choose the correct hypothesis for each question. -Refer to Exhibit 12-3.Which is a hypothesis of reverse causality?

In an ex post facto design, one may employ matching by

Exhibit 12-1: Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. -Refer to Exhibit 12-1.Teaching hyperactive students how to monitor their diets increases the probability that these students will eat healthier meals.

Which of the following is a limitation of ex post facto research?

The post hoc fallacy in research refers to

What did the Surgeon General's office do to enhance the credibility of their conclusions?

Exhibit 12-1: Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. -Refer to Exhibit 12-1.University faculty members who publish their research are evaluated higher by their students in annual reviews than those who do not publish.

Why should you be cautious in interpreting ex post facto research?

Exhibit 12-1: Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. -Refer to Exhibit 12-1.College newspapers contain more violent humor items than do city newspapers.

Matching ____ for ____ differences between groups.

Why is matching students from a single population a useful strategy?

To achieve partial control in ex post facto research, the researcher can

An attribute variable is

Exhibit 12-5: A researcher obtains chemistry achievement test scores from a group of high school students who have had laboratory experience and a group who have not.She recognizes the need to control for the variable intelligence in his study.Identify the type of control technique illustrated by the following procedures. -Refer to Exhibit 12-5.The researcher selects a student from the lab condition who has the same IQ score as a non-lab student and continues this process to identify as many pairs as possible.