Exam 12: Ex Post Facto Research

Exhibit 12-1: Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. -Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The size of a discussion group affects the quality of the discussions.

Exhibit 12-5: A researcher obtains chemistry achievement test scores from a group of high school students who have had laboratory experience and a group who have not.She recognizes the need to control for the variable intelligence in his study.Identify the type of control technique illustrated by the following procedures. -Refer to Exhibit 12-5.The researcher uses only those students with IQs of 100-105.

Exhibit 12-1: Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. -Refer to Exhibit 12-1.Black and white computer graphics produce less eyestrain for visually impaired persons than do color monitors.

Ex post facto research is less convincing than experimental research because

Exhibit 12-4: An investigator found that the proportion of graduates of private high schools who are admitted to prestigious colleges is much higher than the proportion of public high school graduates whom these colleges admit.The investigator might conclude that private high schools do a better job-preparing students for college.Or, and investigator could propose many other hypotheses.Choose the correct hypothesis. -Refer to Exhibit 12-4.Which of the following is a hypothesis of an alternate independent variable?

Exhibit 12-1: Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. -Refer to Exhibit 12-1.Students who use a computerized problem-solving tool will perform better on word problems than students who do not use the tool.

Educators are interested in the variables that affect academic achievement.Which of the following variables would require an ex post facto research design to assess its effect?

Exhibit 12-1: Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. -Refer to Exhibit 12-1.The proportion of children taught reading through a whole-language approach who will choose to read during free periods will be greater than the proportion of those taught reading through a basal reader approach.

Exhibit 12-1: Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. -Refer to Exhibit 12-1.Parents' divorce has an influence on the achievement motivation of the children involved.

There is a negative relationship between the number of ice skaters in Central Park and criminal activity in the park.A possible common cause for this relationship would be that:

A researcher is exploring possible reasons for some children being put into gifted programs and other children not being entered into gifted programs.This study is ex post facto because the

Exhibit 12-6: In an ex post facto study, a researcher investigated the effect of academic self-concept on school achievement.He concluded that a more positive self-concept leads to higher achievement in school.Label the following plausible alternative hypotheses as common cause, reverse causality, or other independent variables may be operating. -Refer to Exhibit 12-6.Teachers are impressed by students with positive self-concept and tend to overrate their achievement.

One way of providing some control in ex post facto research is

Exhibit 12-2: A study of inner-city adolescents found that the proportion of those who participate in athletics who have police records was much lower than that proportion for other adolescents in the same community.It might be concluded that participation in athletics helps adolescents avoid criminal activity.Many other hypotheses may also be suggested.Read the hypotheses (a-d) and choose the correct answer. -Refer to Exhibit 12-2.Which is a hypothesis of reversed causality?

In which of the following, is ex post facto research most appropriate? The investigator

Causal-comparative research is also called ex post facto research because the investigator

An investigator is interested in studying teacher management behavior.He located two groups of teachers previously identified as either competent in teacher management behavior or incompetent in teacher management behavior.He found that the competent teachers' students were significantly more engaged in learning than were incompetent teachers' students.What conclusion should the investigator draw from this finding?

Exhibit 12-1: Indicate whether the following hypotheses are necessarily ex post facto research or possible to perform with experimental research. -Refer to Exhibit 12-1.First graders whose parents read to them regularly when they were preschoolers will have higher reading achievement than those whose parents did not read to them regularly.

Regression toward the mean will probably occur in a matched sample when

A major limitation of analysis of covariance is