Exhibit 12-6: in an Ex Post Facto Study, a Researcher

Exhibit 12-6: In an ex post facto study, a researcher investigated the effect of academic self-concept on school achievement.He concluded that a more positive self-concept leads to higher achievement in school.Label the following plausible alternative hypotheses as common cause, reverse causality, or other independent variables may be operating.
-Refer to Exhibit 12-6.Another variable such as academic aptitude results in both a positive academic self-concept and high achievement in school.

A) common cause
B) reverse causality
C) other independent variables may be operating

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