Question 1

Generalization from the accessible population to the target population is assessed

Accepted Answer

A)  statistically. 
B)  judgmentally. 
C)  through hindsight. 
D)  through the use of the generalization coefficient. 
A)  statistically. 
B)  judgmentally. 
C)  through hindsight. 
D)  through the use of the generalization coefficient.

Question 2

Exhibit 10-3: Choose the type of experimental validity that is being referred to in the following questions.
-Refer to Exhibit 10-3.Is the causal relationship demonstrated in the study generalizable to other persons and settings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal 
B)  External 
C)  Construct 
D)  Statistical Conclusion 
A)  Internal 
B)  External 
C)  Construct 
D)  Statistical Conclusion

Question 3

A teacher was surprised to find a negative correlation between pretest scores and the amount of change in a pretest-posttest design.How would you explain the negative correlation to the teacher?

Accepted Answer

A)  The students who did well on the pretest did not learn as much during the instructional period. 
B)  The method of instruction was not appropriate for those students who had high pretest scores. 
C)  Students who have high scores on the pretest can be expected to have low change scores because of the ceiling effect on the posttest. 
D)  The negative correlation is due to the low reliability of the pretest and the posttest. 
A)  The students who did well on the pretest did not learn as much during the instructional period. 
B)  The method of instruction was not appropriate for those students who had high pretest scores. 
C)  Students who have high scores on the pretest can be expected to have low change scores because of the ceiling effect on the posttest. 
D)  The negative correlation is due to the low reliability of the pretest and the posttest.

Question 4

An experiment conducted in a highly controlled lab setting is more likely to have problems with ____ than is an experiment conducted in a classroom setting.

Accepted Answer

A)  external validity 
B)  internal validity 
C)  statistical conclusion validity 
D)  internal consistency 
A)  external validity 
B)  internal validity 
C)  statistical conclusion validity 
D)  internal consistency

Question 5

If a researcher makes a generalization from a study about apes to a human population, what type of validity problem might he/she have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal 
B)  External 
A)  Internal 
B)  External

Question 6

Which of the following would represent a variable that could be manipulated in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lecture vs.discussion method of teaching 
B)  High vs.low socioeconomic status of subjects 
C)  Male vs.female subjects 
D)  College prep vs.vocational curriculum 
E)  High vs.low scorers on an aptitude test 
A)  Lecture vs.discussion method of teaching 
B)  High vs.low socioeconomic status of subjects 
C)  Male vs.female subjects 
D)  College prep vs.vocational curriculum 
E)  High vs.low scorers on an aptitude test

Question 7

A pretest may be used in an experiment

Accepted Answer

A)  as a matching variable. 
B)  to assess group equivalence. 
C)  when change is being investigated. 
D)  All of these are true. 
A)  as a matching variable. 
B)  to assess group equivalence. 
C)  when change is being investigated. 
D)  All of these are true.

Question 8

In an experiment, a researcher believes that by manipulating Variable A he can cause changes in Variable B.However, Variable C is actually causing changes in Variable B.Variable C is a(n) ____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  extraneous 
D)  attribute 
A)  independent 
B)  dependent 
C)  extraneous 
D)  attribute

Question 9

The major threat to the internal validity of research on articulation problems in young children is

Accepted Answer

A)  regression. 
B)  instrumentation. 
C)  mortality. 
D)  maturation. 
E)  selection. 
A)  regression. 
B)  instrumentation. 
C)  mortality. 
D)  maturation. 
E)  selection.

Question 10

A researcher investigating the effect of a new drug administers a placebo to the control group in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminate the Hawthorne effect. 
B)  provide better matching of subjects in the experimental and control groups. 
C)  minimize the experimenter effect. 
D)  separate the psychological aspects of the treatment from other effects. 
A)  eliminate the Hawthorne effect. 
B)  provide better matching of subjects in the experimental and control groups. 
C)  minimize the experimenter effect. 
D)  separate the psychological aspects of the treatment from other effects.

Question 11

Why is construct validity essential in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

If one wants to draw conclusions from an

Question 12

Exhibit 10-8: Choose the term that is described in each of the phrases below.
-Refer to Exhibit 10-8.Not recommended in situations where there could be a "learning to learn" effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment 
B)  randomized matching 
C)  homogeneous selection 
D)  analysis of covariance 
E)  use of subjects as their own controls 
A)  random assignment 
B)  randomized matching 
C)  homogeneous selection 
D)  analysis of covariance 
E)  use of subjects as their own controls

Question 13

Exhibit 10-8: Choose the term that is described in each of the phrases below.
-Refer to Exhibit 10-8.Is a statistical procedure which provides control and improves the precision of research.

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment 
B)  randomized matching 
C)  homogeneous selection 
D)  analysis of covariance 
E)  use of subjects as their own controls 
A)  random assignment 
B)  randomized matching 
C)  homogeneous selection 
D)  analysis of covariance 
E)  use of subjects as their own controls

Question 14

Exhibit 10-7: Identify the threats to internal validity illustrated in the example below.
-Refer to Exhibit 10-7.The experimental group had a higher learning/growth rate than the control group even before the experiment began.

Accepted Answer

A)  Instrumentation 
B)  Experimental mortality 
C)  Selection-maturation interaction 
D)  Statistical regression 
E)  Diffusion 
A)  Instrumentation 
B)  Experimental mortality 
C)  Selection-maturation interaction 
D)  Statistical regression 
E)  Diffusion

Question 15

Exhibit 10.1: A third grade teacher feels that vocabulary instruction will help her children improve their reading scores.Half of her class receives vocabulary instruction, while the other half has a library period.She will compare reading scores after four months.
-Refer to Exhibit 10-1.The independent variable in this study is

Accepted Answer

A)  reading scores. 
B)  vocabulary instruction. 
C)  gender. 
D)  the size of the sample. 
A)  reading scores. 
B)  vocabulary instruction. 
C)  gender. 
D)  the size of the sample.

Question 16

If faced with the dilemma of choosing between internal validity and external validity, an experimenter should give priority to

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity. 
B)  external validity. 
A)  internal validity. 
B)  external validity.

Question 17

Exhibit 10-3: Choose the type of experimental validity that is being referred to in the following questions.
-Refer to Exhibit 10-3.Did the experimental treatment cause the observed change in the dependent variable, or was a spurious factor operating to cause the change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal 
B)  External 
C)  Construct 
D)  Statistical Conclusion 
A)  Internal 
B)  External 
C)  Construct 
D)  Statistical Conclusion

Question 18

In order to apply the law of the single significant independent variable to a study, a researcher should

Accepted Answer

A)  choose a single test for the dependent variable. 
B)  determine which single test is most related to the independent variable by using several tests as possible dependent variable. 
C)  determine which single variable makes the most difference by varying the independent variable in many different ways. 
D)  establish two groups that are as alike as possible, except one is exposed to the independent variable while the other is not. 
A)  choose a single test for the dependent variable. 
B)  determine which single test is most related to the independent variable by using several tests as possible dependent variable. 
C)  determine which single variable makes the most difference by varying the independent variable in many different ways. 
D)  establish two groups that are as alike as possible, except one is exposed to the independent variable while the other is not.

Generalization from the accessible population to the target population is assessed

Exhibit 10-3: Choose the type of experimental validity that is being referred to in the following questions. -Refer to Exhibit 10-3.Is the causal relationship demonstrated in the study generalizable to other persons and settings?

A teacher was surprised to find a negative correlation between pretest scores and the amount of change in a pretest-posttest design.How would you explain the negative correlation to the teacher?

An experiment conducted in a highly controlled lab setting is more likely to have problems with ____ than is an experiment conducted in a classroom setting.

If a researcher makes a generalization from a study about apes to a human population, what type of validity problem might he/she have?

Which of the following would represent a variable that could be manipulated in an experiment?

A pretest may be used in an experiment

In an experiment, a researcher believes that by manipulating Variable A he can cause changes in Variable B.However, Variable C is actually causing changes in Variable B.Variable C is a(n) ____ variable.

The major threat to the internal validity of research on articulation problems in young children is

A researcher investigating the effect of a new drug administers a placebo to the control group in order to

Why is construct validity essential in an experiment?

Exhibit 10-8: Choose the term that is described in each of the phrases below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-8.Not recommended in situations where there could be a "learning to learn" effect.

Exhibit 10-8: Choose the term that is described in each of the phrases below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-8.Is a statistical procedure which provides control and improves the precision of research.

Exhibit 10-7: Identify the threats to internal validity illustrated in the example below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-7.The experimental group had a higher learning/growth rate than the control group even before the experiment began.

If faced with the dilemma of choosing between internal validity and external validity, an experimenter should give priority to

Exhibit 10-3: Choose the type of experimental validity that is being referred to in the following questions. -Refer to Exhibit 10-3.Did the experimental treatment cause the observed change in the dependent variable, or was a spurious factor operating to cause the change?

In order to apply the law of the single significant independent variable to a study, a researcher should

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters

Exam 10: Experimental Research

Generalization from the accessible population to the target population is assessed

Exhibit 10-3: Choose the type of experimental validity that is being referred to in the following questions. -Refer to Exhibit 10-3.Is the causal relationship demonstrated in the study generalizable to other persons and settings?

A teacher was surprised to find a negative correlation between pretest scores and the amount of change in a pretest-posttest design.How would you explain the negative correlation to the teacher?

An experiment conducted in a highly controlled lab setting is more likely to have problems with ____ than is an experiment conducted in a classroom setting.

If a researcher makes a generalization from a study about apes to a human population, what type of validity problem might he/she have?

Which of the following would represent a variable that could be manipulated in an experiment?

A pretest may be used in an experiment

In an experiment, a researcher believes that by manipulating Variable A he can cause changes in Variable B.However, Variable C is actually causing changes in Variable B.Variable C is a(n) ____ variable.

The major threat to the internal validity of research on articulation problems in young children is

A researcher investigating the effect of a new drug administers a placebo to the control group in order to

Why is construct validity essential in an experiment?

Exhibit 10-8: Choose the term that is described in each of the phrases below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-8.Not recommended in situations where there could be a "learning to learn" effect.

Exhibit 10-8: Choose the term that is described in each of the phrases below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-8.Is a statistical procedure which provides control and improves the precision of research.

Exhibit 10-7: Identify the threats to internal validity illustrated in the example below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-7.The experimental group had a higher learning/growth rate than the control group even before the experiment began.

If faced with the dilemma of choosing between internal validity and external validity, an experimenter should give priority to

Exhibit 10-3: Choose the type of experimental validity that is being referred to in the following questions. -Refer to Exhibit 10-3.Did the experimental treatment cause the observed change in the dependent variable, or was a spurious factor operating to cause the change?

In order to apply the law of the single significant independent variable to a study, a researcher should

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters