Exam 10: Experimental Research

Which of the following measures would be most susceptible to "reactive" effect?

The type of control problem that can occur when volunteers are compared with nonvolunteers is

The set of varied conditions that the experimenter imposes on the subjects is referred to as the

In experimental research, a random procedure is recommended for the

Exhibit 10-5: Choose the internal validity problem that is associated with the situations listed. -Refer to Exhibit 10-5.Presence of the observer increases scores.

In a study of aggression, the instrument used may not really measure aggression but rather assertiveness.If so, this would most likely affect the ____validity of the study.

The relationship between internal and external validity in research can best be described as

Internal validity is not concerned with

How does replication of experiments contribute to external validity?

Exhibit 10-8: Choose the term that is described in each of the phrases below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-8.Decreases the ability of the experimenter to generalize his findings.

Exhibit 10-8: Choose the term that is described in each of the phrases below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-8.Can reduce sample size and introduce bias into the sample.

Selection bias is a threat to internal validity arising from failure to use

Exhibit 10-5: Choose the internal validity problem that is associated with the situations listed. -Refer to Exhibit 10-5.Specific events between the measurements

Exhibit 10-6: Choose the intersubject difference control that best corresponds with the following statements. -Refer to Exhibit 10-6.Each subject in the control group has a corresponding subject in the experimental group who has the same IQ score within three points.

A researcher wants to determine the cause of intoxication.On successive days, he consumed large quantities of scotch and water, bourbon and water, and vodka and water.Becoming very intoxicated in each case, he concluded, "It's the water that makes one drunk." The researcher should have consumed pure water on one of his test days.The water alone test would be called a

Identify the threat to internal validity in each of the following: a.Some researchers who were given rats to train were told incorrectly that the rats had been bred for intelligence; other researchers were told that their rats were especially dull.The experimenters who had the "smart" rats reported faster learning than did the experimenters with the "dull" rats. b.After the first exam, a professor divided his statistics class into high performers and low performers.The low performers were invited to attend special tutoring sessions where the professor not only reviewed lecture material but also discussed how to take notes and how to study for a statistics test.On the second test, the professor found that the students who received the tutoring improved considerably.The professor concluded that the tutoring sessions were effective in improving the test performance of those students. c.A researcher divided people attending a weight control clinic into two groups.Both groups were given the same diet to follow, but the experimental group was also asked to keep a record of everything they ate, to weigh all the food in grams, and to count the calories.At the end of the study, the researcher found that the experimental group had lost more weight.The researcher concluded that the experimental treatment was more effective than diet alone.

Exhibit 10-6: Choose the intersubject difference control that best corresponds with the following statements. -Refer to Exhibit 10-6.Only boys of ages 6-8 from an urban community were selected for a study.

Exhibit 10-12: A researcher investigated the effect of aerobic exercise on depression.He randomly assigned subjects previously identified as depressed to one of three groups.Choose the correct group for each question. -Refer to Exhibit 10-12.Which is the comparison group?

Exhibit 10-6: Choose the intersubject difference control that best corresponds with the following statements. -Refer to Exhibit 10-6.Assigning the same subjects to all experimental conditions and obtaining measurements under all conditions.

What is meant by statistical equivalence? How does a researcher achieve it?