Exam 10: Experimental Research

Hypothesis testing is most characteristic of

The most useful technique to minimize the effects of experimenter bias on the outcome of an experiment is to

"Statistical regression" refers to the tendency of extreme scores to ____ the common mean on subsequent measurement.

Matching subjects in the experimental and control groups is useful when

The group to which a researcher wants the findings to ultimately apply is the

Exhibit 10-11: Indicate whether the following statements relate to internal validity, external validity, construct validity, or statistical conclusion validity. -Refer to Exhibit 10-11.Are the findings of this study a result of the experimental treatment?

What are the three essential requirements for an experiment?

Name and distinguish among the four types of validity in experimental research.

What is the relationship between statistical conclusion validity and internal validity in experimental research?

An experimental design must provide __________, so that the effects of the independent variable can be evaluated unambiguously.

The internal validity threat that randomization eliminates in an experimental study is

Research has ____ validity when it shows the findings can be generalized beyond the limits of the study.

When a pretest and posttest are used on all subjects in the experimental and control groups

To be useful in an analysis of covariance design, a covariate should have

Exhibit 10.1: A third grade teacher feels that vocabulary instruction will help her children improve their reading scores.Half of her class receives vocabulary instruction, while the other half has a library period.She will compare reading scores after four months. -Refer to Exhibit 10-1.The Hawthorne effect would be most likely to increase the scores of

The purpose of matching individual subjects before randomly assigning one to Group A and the other to Group B is to

The school newspaper reports that the GPA of athletes is slightly higher than the GPA of undergraduates in general.Suppose you want to use these data to argue that athletes are smarter than the average student.Someone else points out that intelligence ("smartness") is only one of several factors influencing GPA; others are self-discipline, tutoring, pressure from coaches, required class attendance, and so on.Each of these latter factors is a potential ____ in any simple explanation of GPA.

Exhibit 10-9: Identify the threats to internal validity illustrated in the examples below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-9.Students falling below the 10th percentile on a reading achievement test later receive higher scores on a similar test; students above the 90th percentile receive lower scores on the second test administration.

Exhibit 10-8: Choose the term that is described in each of the phrases below. -Refer to Exhibit 10-8.Subjects are assigned to treatments using a table of random numbers.

Exhibit 10-6: Choose the intersubject difference control that best corresponds with the following statements. -Refer to Exhibit 10-6.This procedure eliminates some matching problems but makes generalization harder to do.