Question 1

In his research, Darwin was the first to use

Accepted Answer

A)  induction. 
B)  deduction. 
C)  both induction and deduction. 
A)  induction. 
B)  deduction. 
C)  both induction and deduction.

Question 2

Which one of the following statements presents a denial of the assumption of universal determinism?

Accepted Answer

A)  I wonder why the anxiety level in my class has increased. 
B)  For no reason the anxiety level in my class has increased. 
C)  It is quite clear that the anxiety level in my class has increased. 
D)  I don't think that the anxiety level in my class has increased. 
A)  I wonder why the anxiety level in my class has increased. 
B)  For no reason the anxiety level in my class has increased. 
C)  It is quite clear that the anxiety level in my class has increased. 
D)  I don't think that the anxiety level in my class has increased.

Question 3

Exhibit 1.2: A teacher wants to know which method of teaching German verb forms can be expected to result in the greatest student achievement in that skill.The following is a list of procedures the teacher could follow.Which of the procedures best fits the definition of the inductive reasoning as a source of knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  The teacher could employ various methods in her teaching until she gets a "feel" about which one works best. 
B)  The teacher could administer achievement tests to students taught by the different methods and compare the test results. 
C)  The teacher could systematically begin with known facts about the relationship between the teaching of foreign language and language achievement and logically determine what would be true concerning the results of various teaching methods. 
D)  The teacher could ask an eminent professor of German at a respected university. 
A)  The teacher could employ various methods in her teaching until she gets a "feel" about which one works best. 
B)  The teacher could administer achievement tests to students taught by the different methods and compare the test results. 
C)  The teacher could systematically begin with known facts about the relationship between the teaching of foreign language and language achievement and logically determine what would be true concerning the results of various teaching methods. 
D)  The teacher could ask an eminent professor of German at a respected university.

Question 4

Why is the scientific approach described as "self-correcting"?

Accepted Answer

This term refers to the fact that the sc

Question 5

Which of the following purposes for proposed research studies would be least acceptable to the scientific researcher?

Accepted Answer

A)  To show that the educational philosophy of John Dewey has had an adverse effect on American education 
B)  To show changes in attitudes and values associated with college attendance 
C)  To predict performance in successive terms in college from tests and grades 
D)  To study the relationship between college students' ratings of professors and the grades they received from the professors 
E)  To determine if grade inflation has occurred at State University over the past five years 
A)  To show that the educational philosophy of John Dewey has had an adverse effect on American education 
B)  To show changes in attitudes and values associated with college attendance 
C)  To predict performance in successive terms in college from tests and grades 
D)  To study the relationship between college students' ratings of professors and the grades they received from the professors 
E)  To determine if grade inflation has occurred at State University over the past five years

Question 6

Which of the following was not one of the six principles for scientific inquiry the National Academy of Sciences declared to underline all scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posing significant questions that can be investigated empirically. 
B)  Posing questions that may solve a felt problem. 
C)  Using methods that permit direct investigation of the problem. 
D)  Linking research to relevant theory. 
A)  Posing significant questions that can be investigated empirically. 
B)  Posing questions that may solve a felt problem. 
C)  Using methods that permit direct investigation of the problem. 
D)  Linking research to relevant theory.

Question 7

Which one of the following steps is not an essential step in conducting a research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formulating a hypothesis 
B)  Selecting a problem 
C)  Selecting a research strategy 
D)  Collecting and interpreting the data 
A)  Formulating a hypothesis 
B)  Selecting a problem 
C)  Selecting a research strategy 
D)  Collecting and interpreting the data

Question 8

Which one of the following steps in conducting a research study would most likely involve deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formulation of a hypothesis 
B)  Review of literature 
C)  Collection of data 
D)  Statistical analysis of data 
A)  Formulation of a hypothesis 
B)  Review of literature 
C)  Collection of data 
D)  Statistical analysis of data

Question 9

All men are mortal.Socrates is a man.Therefore, Socrates is mortal.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  deductive reasoning. 
B)  syllogistic reasoning. 
C)  perfect induction. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c 
A)  deductive reasoning. 
B)  syllogistic reasoning. 
C)  perfect induction. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c

Question 10

Explain the concept of universal determinism and its importance in the development of modern science.

Accepted Answer

Universal determinism is the philosophic

Question 11

Which one of the following steps in undertaking a research study most likely involves the use of authority?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selection of a question for research 
B)  Review of literature 
C)  Data collection 
D)  Data analysis 
A)  Selection of a question for research 
B)  Review of literature 
C)  Data collection 
D)  Data analysis

Question 12

J.M.Rice found that

Accepted Answer

A)  children who spent 40 minutes per day studying spelling learned considerably more than those who spent 10 minutes per day. 
B)  children who spent 40 minutes per day studying spelling learned considerably less than those who spent 10 minutes per day. 
C)  the question was impossible to answer. 
D)  many of the words children were required to spell had little practical value. 
A)  children who spent 40 minutes per day studying spelling learned considerably more than those who spent 10 minutes per day. 
B)  children who spent 40 minutes per day studying spelling learned considerably less than those who spent 10 minutes per day. 
C)  the question was impossible to answer. 
D)  many of the words children were required to spell had little practical value.

Question 13

Exhibit 1.2: A teacher wants to know which method of teaching German verb forms can be expected to result in the greatest student achievement in that skill.The following is a list of procedures the teacher could follow.Which of the procedures best fits the definition of authority as a source of knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  The teacher could employ various methods in her teaching until she gets a "feel" about which one works best. 
B)  The teacher could administer achievement tests to students taught by the different methods and compare the test results. 
C)  The teacher could systematically begin with known facts about the relationship between the teaching of foreign language and language achievement and logically determine what would be true concerning the results of various teaching methods. 
D)  The teacher could ask an eminent professor of German at a respected university. 
A)  The teacher could employ various methods in her teaching until she gets a "feel" about which one works best. 
B)  The teacher could administer achievement tests to students taught by the different methods and compare the test results. 
C)  The teacher could systematically begin with known facts about the relationship between the teaching of foreign language and language achievement and logically determine what would be true concerning the results of various teaching methods. 
D)  The teacher could ask an eminent professor of German at a respected university.

Question 14

Which of the following is not more of a problem in the social sciences than in the physical sciences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothesis formation 
B)  Control of variables 
C)  Measurement of variables 
D)  Replication of experiments 
A)  Hypothesis formation 
B)  Control of variables 
C)  Measurement of variables 
D)  Replication of experiments

Question 15

Exhibit 1-3.Each answer option lists an attitude expected of scientists.Indicate which attitude is violated in each statement.Further research on this question by other investigators is necessary.

Accepted Answer

A)  The scientist deals with facts, not values. 
B)  The scientist is objective and impartial. 
C)  The scientist maintains a skeptical attitude and regards findings as tentative. 
D)  The scientist seeks to integrate and systematize findings into theory. 
E)  The scientist makes procedures known so other scientists can verify findings. 
A)  The scientist deals with facts, not values. 
B)  The scientist is objective and impartial. 
C)  The scientist maintains a skeptical attitude and regards findings as tentative. 
D)  The scientist seeks to integrate and systematize findings into theory. 
E)  The scientist makes procedures known so other scientists can verify findings.

Question 16

Scientific theory serves to

Accepted Answer

A)  understand and explain phenomena. 
B)  control phenomena. 
C)  predict phenomena. 
D)  All of these are true. 
A)  understand and explain phenomena. 
B)  control phenomena. 
C)  predict phenomena. 
D)  All of these are true.

Question 17

An advantage of the scientific approach over deductive reason is that the scientific approach

Accepted Answer

A)  is infallible. 
B)  produces absolute truth. 
C)  doesn't include reflective thinking. 
D)  doesn't include inductive reasoning. 
E)  probes beyond what is already known. 
A)  is infallible. 
B)  produces absolute truth. 
C)  doesn't include reflective thinking. 
D)  doesn't include inductive reasoning. 
E)  probes beyond what is already known.

Question 18

Why is the scientific approach often called the inductive-deductive approach?

Accepted Answer

The scientific method combines

Question 19

Perfect induction differs from imperfect induction in that perfect induction

Accepted Answer

A)  moves from major and minor premises to a particular conclusion about a class of phenomena. 
B)  arrives at a generalization by observing samples of a class of phenomena. 
C)  involves an exhaustive enumeration of all of the instances that make up a class of phenomena. 
A)  moves from major and minor premises to a particular conclusion about a class of phenomena. 
B)  arrives at a generalization by observing samples of a class of phenomena. 
C)  involves an exhaustive enumeration of all of the instances that make up a class of phenomena.

Question 20

Exhibit 1.4: In the following research examples, indicate whether the study demonstrates the use of (a) induction, (b) deduction, and/or the (c) scientific method.
-Refer to Exhibit 1.4 :Mendel studied many generations of plants in his garden, and developed a theory of inherited characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A)  induction 
B)  deduction 
C)  scientific method 
A)  induction 
B)  deduction 
C)  scientific method

In his research, Darwin was the first to use

Which one of the following statements presents a denial of the assumption of universal determinism?

Why is the scientific approach described as "self-correcting"?

Which of the following purposes for proposed research studies would be least acceptable to the scientific researcher?

Which of the following was not one of the six principles for scientific inquiry the National Academy of Sciences declared to underline all scientific inquiry?

Which one of the following steps is not an essential step in conducting a research study?

Which one of the following steps in conducting a research study would most likely involve deductive reasoning?

All men are mortal.Socrates is a man.Therefore, Socrates is mortal.This is an example of

Explain the concept of universal determinism and its importance in the development of modern science.

Which one of the following steps in undertaking a research study most likely involves the use of authority?

J.M.Rice found that

Which of the following is not more of a problem in the social sciences than in the physical sciences?

Exhibit 1-3.Each answer option lists an attitude expected of scientists.Indicate which attitude is violated in each statement.Further research on this question by other investigators is necessary.

Scientific theory serves to

An advantage of the scientific approach over deductive reason is that the scientific approach

Why is the scientific approach often called the inductive-deductive approach?

Perfect induction differs from imperfect induction in that perfect induction

Exhibit 1.4: In the following research examples, indicate whether the study demonstrates the use of (a) induction, (b) deduction, and/or the (c) scientific method. -Refer to Exhibit 1.4 :Mendel studied many generations of plants in his garden, and developed a theory of inherited characteristics.

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters

Exam 1: The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

In his research, Darwin was the first to use

Which one of the following statements presents a denial of the assumption of universal determinism?

Why is the scientific approach described as "self-correcting"?

Which of the following purposes for proposed research studies would be least acceptable to the scientific researcher?

Which of the following was not one of the six principles for scientific inquiry the National Academy of Sciences declared to underline all scientific inquiry?

Which one of the following steps is not an essential step in conducting a research study?

Which one of the following steps in conducting a research study would most likely involve deductive reasoning?

All men are mortal.Socrates is a man.Therefore, Socrates is mortal.This is an example of

Explain the concept of universal determinism and its importance in the development of modern science.

Which one of the following steps in undertaking a research study most likely involves the use of authority?

J.M.Rice found that

Which of the following is not more of a problem in the social sciences than in the physical sciences?

Exhibit 1-3.Each answer option lists an attitude expected of scientists.Indicate which attitude is violated in each statement.Further research on this question by other investigators is necessary.

Scientific theory serves to

An advantage of the scientific approach over deductive reason is that the scientific approach

Why is the scientific approach often called the inductive-deductive approach?

Perfect induction differs from imperfect induction in that perfect induction

Exhibit 1.4: In the following research examples, indicate whether the study demonstrates the use of (a) induction, (b) deduction, and/or the (c) scientific method. -Refer to Exhibit 1.4 :Mendel studied many generations of plants in his garden, and developed a theory of inherited characteristics.

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

Filters