Question 1

Which of the following is not an expected attitude of scientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists maintain a skeptical attitude toward the findings of scientific investigations. 
B)  Scientists are willing to discard their theories if new evidence is found. 
C)  Scientists make possible the verification of their findings by other investigators. 
D)  Scientists point out the moral implications of their findings. 
A)  Scientists maintain a skeptical attitude toward the findings of scientific investigations. 
B)  Scientists are willing to discard their theories if new evidence is found. 
C)  Scientists make possible the verification of their findings by other investigators. 
D)  Scientists point out the moral implications of their findings.

Question 2

Imperfect induction yields

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute truth. 
B)  probability statements. 
C)  hypothetical constructs. 
D)  nonsense. 
A)  absolute truth. 
B)  probability statements. 
C)  hypothetical constructs. 
D)  nonsense.

Question 3

The statement that you have about one chance in ten thousand of scoring a passing 12 or more correct in a 20 item test through shear guessing was made through

Accepted Answer

A)  authority. 
B)  deductive reasoning. 
C)  inductive reasoning. 
D)  inspiration. 
A)  authority. 
B)  deductive reasoning. 
C)  inductive reasoning. 
D)  inspiration.

Question 4

Previous research has shown that changing answers on a multiple-choice test has resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  more gains than losses. 
B)  more losses than gains. 
C)  about as many gains as losses. 
D)  more wrong to wrong than anything else. 
A)  more gains than losses. 
B)  more losses than gains. 
C)  about as many gains as losses. 
D)  more wrong to wrong than anything else.

Question 5

The No Child Left Behind Act mandates that federal dollars may be spent only on instructional methods and materials that

Accepted Answer

A)  have scientifically-based evidence of their effectiveness. 
B)  have demonstrated that they meet the needs of the local community. 
C)  challenge students to expand their competence. 
D)  demonstrate a high moral standard. 
A)  have scientifically-based evidence of their effectiveness. 
B)  have demonstrated that they meet the needs of the local community. 
C)  challenge students to expand their competence. 
D)  demonstrate a high moral standard.

Question 6

According to the text, the typical result of a scientific investigation is

Accepted Answer

A)  established truth. 
B)  probability statements. 
C)  information only useful for solving problems. 
D)  facts in the basic sciences, but suggestions in the applied sciences. 
A)  established truth. 
B)  probability statements. 
C)  information only useful for solving problems. 
D)  facts in the basic sciences, but suggestions in the applied sciences.

Question 7

If your teacher says "It is right because Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen say so in your textbook" what source of knowledge is he/she using?

Accepted Answer

The teacher would be

Question 8

What is the role of theory in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Theories summarize and organize the many

Question 9

Scientific research differs from other ways of knowing in that research

Accepted Answer

A)  can be verified. 
B)  deals with objective data. 
C)  leads to theories with wide applicability. 
D)  results in irrefutable knowledge. 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  can be verified. 
B)  deals with objective data. 
C)  leads to theories with wide applicability. 
D)  results in irrefutable knowledge. 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 10

Evaluate the following deductive argument: All good basketball players are over six feet tall.Luke is a good basketball player.Therefore, Luke is over six feet tall.

Accepted Answer

A)  Argument is correct. 
B)  Argument is flawed; major premise is incorrect. 
C)  Argument is flawed; minor premise is incorrect. 
D)  Argument is flawed; based on imperfect deduction. 
A)  Argument is correct. 
B)  Argument is flawed; major premise is incorrect. 
C)  Argument is flawed; minor premise is incorrect. 
D)  Argument is flawed; based on imperfect deduction.

Question 11

An inductive theory is

Accepted Answer

A)  not as scientific as a deductive theory. 
B)  not sensitive to empirical data. 
C)  formed only after extensive observations have been made. 
D)  based on a great deal of conceptualization. 
A)  not as scientific as a deductive theory. 
B)  not sensitive to empirical data. 
C)  formed only after extensive observations have been made. 
D)  based on a great deal of conceptualization.

Question 12

Exhibit 1-3.Each answer option lists an attitude expected of scientists.Indicate which attitude is violated in each statement.The findings prove conclusively that block scheduling leads to higher achievement and greater satisfaction among students.

Accepted Answer

A)  The scientist deals with facts, not values. 
B)  The scientist is objective and impartial. 
C)  The scientist maintains a skeptical attitude and regards findings as tentative. 
D)  The scientist seeks to integrate and systematize findings into theory. 
E)  The scientist makes procedures known so other scientists can verify findings. 
A)  The scientist deals with facts, not values. 
B)  The scientist is objective and impartial. 
C)  The scientist maintains a skeptical attitude and regards findings as tentative. 
D)  The scientist seeks to integrate and systematize findings into theory. 
E)  The scientist makes procedures known so other scientists can verify findings.

Question 13

To arrive at a true conclusion in deductive logic one must begin with

Accepted Answer

A)  enumeration of causes. 
B)  common sense. 
C)  personal experience. 
D)  true premises. 
A)  enumeration of causes. 
B)  common sense. 
C)  personal experience. 
D)  true premises.

Question 14

Scientific research differs from other ways of knowing in that scientific research

Accepted Answer

A)  can be verified. 
B)  deals with objective data. 
C)  leads to theories with wide applicability. 
D)  results in irrefutable knowledge. 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  can be verified. 
B)  deals with objective data. 
C)  leads to theories with wide applicability. 
D)  results in irrefutable knowledge. 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 15

An assumption of science is

Accepted Answer

A)  events are random. 
B)  events are controlled by intelligent design. 
C)  knowledge is derived from direct and objective observation. 
D)  scientific theory is irrefutable. 
A)  events are random. 
B)  events are controlled by intelligent design. 
C)  knowledge is derived from direct and objective observation. 
D)  scientific theory is irrefutable.

Question 16

The best source of knowledge for decision-making in education is

Accepted Answer

A)  experience. 
B)  authority. 
C)  evidence. 
D)  tradition. 
A)  experience. 
B)  authority. 
C)  evidence. 
D)  tradition.

Question 17

Why are scientists expected to be skeptical?

Accepted Answer

A good scientist never accepts a hypothe

Question 18

To establish what percent of teachers in the Nashville School District hold master's degrees, an investigator examined the files of all those teachers who were employed in that school district.This investigation is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  perfect induction. 
B)  perfect deduction. 
C)  imperfect induction. 
D)  imperfect deduction. 
A)  perfect induction. 
B)  perfect deduction. 
C)  imperfect induction. 
D)  imperfect deduction.

Question 19

Explain the principle of parsimony.

Accepted Answer

The principle of parsimony states that s

Question 20

Theory formation is

Accepted Answer

A)  not acceptable in the areas where little factual information is available. 
B)  not needed in the areas where accumulation of factual information has proceeded to advanced levels. 
C)  pure speculation. 
D)  the ultimate goal of science. 
A)  not acceptable in the areas where little factual information is available. 
B)  not needed in the areas where accumulation of factual information has proceeded to advanced levels. 
C)  pure speculation. 
D)  the ultimate goal of science.

Exam 1: The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

Which of the following is not an expected attitude of scientists?

Imperfect induction yields

The statement that you have about one chance in ten thousand of scoring a passing 12 or more correct in a 20 item test through shear guessing was made through

Previous research has shown that changing answers on a multiple-choice test has resulted in

The No Child Left Behind Act mandates that federal dollars may be spent only on instructional methods and materials that

According to the text, the typical result of a scientific investigation is

If your teacher says "It is right because Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen say so in your textbook" what source of knowledge is he/she using?

What is the role of theory in scientific research?

Scientific research differs from other ways of knowing in that research

Evaluate the following deductive argument: All good basketball players are over six feet tall.Luke is a good basketball player.Therefore, Luke is over six feet tall.

An inductive theory is

Exhibit 1-3.Each answer option lists an attitude expected of scientists.Indicate which attitude is violated in each statement.The findings prove conclusively that block scheduling leads to higher achievement and greater satisfaction among students.

To arrive at a true conclusion in deductive logic one must begin with

Scientific research differs from other ways of knowing in that scientific research

An assumption of science is

The best source of knowledge for decision-making in education is

Why are scientists expected to be skeptical?

To establish what percent of teachers in the Nashville School District hold master's degrees, an investigator examined the files of all those teachers who were employed in that school district.This investigation is an example of

Explain the principle of parsimony.

Theory formation is

The Scientific Approach in Education

he Research Problem

Reviewing the Literature

The Hypothesis

Descriptive Statistics

Sampling and Inferential Statistics

Tools of Research

Validity and Reliability

Experimental Research

Experimental Research Design

Ex Post Facto Research

Correlation Research

Survey Research

Defining and Designing Qualitative Research

Types of Qualitative Research

Analyzing and Reporting Qualitative Research

Action Research

Mixed Methods Research

Guidelines for Writing Research Proposals

Interpreting and Reporting Results of Quantitative Research

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