Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Which of the following is a difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Negative reinforcement ________ response probability by the ________ following a response.

Peter was a three-year-old who was deathly afraid of rabbits. In classical conditioning terms, rabbits had become a/an:

John Watson and Rosalie Rayner deliberately established a phobia in a boy using classical conditioning techniques.

Which of the following would NOT result in classical conditioning?

Most psychologists believe that punishment is the most effective way to eliminate unwanted behaviours.

In a research study conducted at a college, students looked at slides of either beige pens or blue pens while either popular or unfamiliar music played in the background. In classical conditioning terms, the music was a/an:

When grade-school children cut back on the time they watch TV or play video games,

Any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs because of experience is called:

Research on reinforcers shows that:

A drawback in using primary punishers and primary reinforcers in research would be that:

When one is first acquiring a response, learning is usually most rapid under an intermittent reinforcement schedule.

According to Pavlov, learning occurs when:

Extrinsic reinforcers are defined as reinforcers that are:

At first, Pavlov speculated about what his dogs might be thinking and feeling to make them drool before getting their food.

Kaiti uses her new green gel pen when writing an essay exam. When the tests are handed back, Kaiti gets an A+ on her essay. From then on Kaiti uses her "lucky" green gel pen whenever she takes a test. ________ helps explain why Kaiti uses this pen.

Miranda notices that her cat scurries into the kitchen as soon as Miranda opens a can of cat food with an electric can opener. In this example, the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

Every week, Jade spends her allowance on 500 grams of sour lemon gummy candies even though they always make her mouth water. One day, as she is walking down the street, Jade sees a girl carrying a little white bag that looks like a candy shop bag! Jade notices that her mouth is puckering and overflowing with saliva. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the:

What conclusions were reached when researchers attempted to teach slugs to dislike foods by pairing the food with an unpleasant, bitter-tasting chemical?

Mild punishers, such as a firm "No!" are not as effective as stronger punishers would be if used in the same situation.