Question 1

Differential association theory has been critiqued for ignoring individual differences in the propensity to associate with antisocial peers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Differential association theory argues that crime is the result of individual traits combined with the influence of media violence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Positive punishment makes a behavior more likely to be repeated in the future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is credited with neutralization theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Ronald Akers 
B) Edwin Sutherland 
C) Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi 
D) Gresham Sykes and David Matza 
A) Ronald Akers 
B) Edwin Sutherland 
C) Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi 
D) Gresham Sykes and David Matza

Question 5

Which theory attributes delinquency to an excess of definitions favorable to violations of the law over definitions unfavorable to violations of the law?

Accepted Answer

A) differential association theory 
B) neutralization theory 
C) self-control theory 
D) social bonding theory 
A) differential association theory 
B) neutralization theory 
C) self-control theory 
D) social bonding theory

Question 6

According to Lemert, ______ deviance is deviance that results from society's reaction to offender's initial nonconforming behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) formal 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) formal

Question 7

______ applied the concept of operant psychology to differential association theory.

Accepted Answer

A) Edwin Sutherland 
B) Gabriel Tarde 
C) Ronald Akers 
D) Walter Reckless 
A) Edwin Sutherland 
B) Gabriel Tarde 
C) Ronald Akers 
D) Walter Reckless

Question 8

Identify and briefly explain two out of the four social bonds identified by Hirschi.

Accepted Answer

attachment (to loved ones); co

Question 9

According to Lemert, ______ deviance is the initial nonconforming act that comes to the attention of the authorities.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) formal 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) tertiary 
D) formal

Question 10

Which of the following provides an explanation for how people learn to commit crime from those around them?

Accepted Answer

A) differential association theory 
B) labeling theory 
C) social bonding theory 
D) self-control theory 
A) differential association theory 
B) labeling theory 
C) social bonding theory 
D) self-control theory

Question 11

Social process theorists believe that if we wish to understand social behavior, we have to understand how individuals subjectively perceive their social reality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Identify the four elements of social bond according to Travis Hirschi's theory.Provide examples of each type of bond.Finally, consider the policy implications of this theory: how might society work to strengthen each of the four bonds?

Accepted Answer

Travis Hirschi's social bond theory iden

Question 13

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory, low self-control is sufficient to account for criminal offending.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is a valid critique of neutralization theory?

Accepted Answer

A) It says nothing about the origins of the antisocial behavior the actors seek to neutralize. 
B) It only applies to property crimes. 
C) It eliminates much of the overdetermined image of subcultural values implied in subcultural theories. 
D) It unquestioningly accepts official definitions of criminality. 
A) It says nothing about the origins of the antisocial behavior the actors seek to neutralize. 
B) It only applies to property crimes. 
C) It eliminates much of the overdetermined image of subcultural values implied in subcultural theories. 
D) It unquestioningly accepts official definitions of criminality.

Question 15

Which of the following is one of the four elements of the social bond according to Hirschi?

Accepted Answer

A) attachment 
B) commitment 
C) belief 
D) all of these 
A) attachment 
B) commitment 
C) belief 
D) all of these

Question 16

Identify one criticism of differential association theory.

Accepted Answer

It doesn't explain individual difference

Question 17

______ shifts the focus from the actor (the criminal) to the reactor (i.e., the criminal justice system) in exploring the causes of crime.

Accepted Answer

A) social control theory 
B) social bonding theory 
C) neutralization theory 
D) labeling theory 
A) social control theory 
B) social bonding theory 
C) neutralization theory 
D) labeling theory

Question 18

A major criticism of ______ theory is that it is a general theory meant to explain all crime.

Accepted Answer

A) social control 
B) self-control 
C) social bonding 
D) differential association 
A) social control 
B) self-control 
C) social bonding 
D) differential association

Question 19

Differential association theory is the brainchild of criminologist ______.

Accepted Answer

A) Edwin Sutherland 
B) Gabriel Tarde 
C) Ronald Akers 
D) Walter Reckless 
A) Edwin Sutherland 
B) Gabriel Tarde 
C) Ronald Akers 
D) Walter Reckless

Question 20

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, what is the source of low self-control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, what is...

Differential association theory has been critiqued for ignoring individual differences in the propensity to associate with antisocial peers.

Differential association theory argues that crime is the result of individual traits combined with the influence of media violence.

Positive punishment makes a behavior more likely to be repeated in the future.

Which of the following is credited with neutralization theory?

Which theory attributes delinquency to an excess of definitions favorable to violations of the law over definitions unfavorable to violations of the law?

According to Lemert, ______ deviance is deviance that results from society's reaction to offender's initial nonconforming behavior.

______ applied the concept of operant psychology to differential association theory.

Identify and briefly explain two out of the four social bonds identified by Hirschi.

According to Lemert, ______ deviance is the initial nonconforming act that comes to the attention of the authorities.

Which of the following provides an explanation for how people learn to commit crime from those around them?

Social process theorists believe that if we wish to understand social behavior, we have to understand how individuals subjectively perceive their social reality.

Identify the four elements of social bond according to Travis Hirschi's theory.Provide examples of each type of bond.Finally, consider the policy implications of this theory: how might society work to strengthen each of the four bonds?

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory, low self-control is sufficient to account for criminal offending.

Which of the following is a valid critique of neutralization theory?

Which of the following is one of the four elements of the social bond according to Hirschi?

Identify one criticism of differential association theory.

______ shifts the focus from the actor (the criminal) to the reactor (i.e., the criminal justice system) in exploring the causes of crime.

A major criticism of ______ theory is that it is a general theory meant to explain all crime.

Differential association theory is the brainchild of criminologist ______.

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, what is the source of low self-control?

An Overview of Crime and Criminology

Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization

The Early Schools of Criminology

Crime As Choice: Rationality, Emotion, and Criminal Behavior

Social Structural Theories

Critical and Feminist Theories

Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior

Biosocial Approaches

Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

Crimes of Violence

Terrorism

Property Crime

Public Order Crime

White-Collar Crime

Organized Crime

Filters

Exam 7: Social Process Theories

Differential association theory has been critiqued for ignoring individual differences in the propensity to associate with antisocial peers.

Differential association theory argues that crime is the result of individual traits combined with the influence of media violence.

Positive punishment makes a behavior more likely to be repeated in the future.

Which of the following is credited with neutralization theory?

Which theory attributes delinquency to an excess of definitions favorable to violations of the law over definitions unfavorable to violations of the law?

According to Lemert, ______ deviance is deviance that results from society's reaction to offender's initial nonconforming behavior.

______ applied the concept of operant psychology to differential association theory.

Identify and briefly explain two out of the four social bonds identified by Hirschi.

According to Lemert, ______ deviance is the initial nonconforming act that comes to the attention of the authorities.

Which of the following provides an explanation for how people learn to commit crime from those around them?

Social process theorists believe that if we wish to understand social behavior, we have to understand how individuals subjectively perceive their social reality.

Identify the four elements of social bond according to Travis Hirschi's theory.Provide examples of each type of bond.Finally, consider the policy implications of this theory: how might society work to strengthen each of the four bonds?

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory, low self-control is sufficient to account for criminal offending.

Which of the following is a valid critique of neutralization theory?

Which of the following is one of the four elements of the social bond according to Hirschi?

Identify one criticism of differential association theory.

______ shifts the focus from the actor (the criminal) to the reactor (i.e., the criminal justice system) in exploring the causes of crime.

A major criticism of ______ theory is that it is a general theory meant to explain all crime.

Differential association theory is the brainchild of criminologist ______.

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, what is the source of low self-control?

An Overview of Crime and Criminology

Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization

The Early Schools of Criminology

Crime As Choice: Rationality, Emotion, and Criminal Behavior

Social Structural Theories

Critical and Feminist Theories

Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior

Biosocial Approaches

Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

Crimes of Violence

Terrorism

Property Crime

Public Order Crime

White-Collar Crime

Organized Crime

Filters