Question 1

The view that offenders are risk-taking, oriented to the present, and lacking in patience, is most representative of which theory?

Accepted Answer

A) differential association theory 
B) self-control theory 
C) social learning theory 
D) social bonding theory 
A) differential association theory 
B) self-control theory 
C) social learning theory 
D) social bonding theory

Question 2

For social control theorists, the real question is not why some people behave so badly, but rather why most of us behave well most of the time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, most criminals

Accepted Answer

A) meticulously plan their crimes in order to avoid detection 
B) are willing to delay gratification if it means receiving greater economic rewards 
C) lack patience, persistence, and diligence 
D) experience substantial guilt regarding the harm that they cause to their victims 
A) meticulously plan their crimes in order to avoid detection 
B) are willing to delay gratification if it means receiving greater economic rewards 
C) lack patience, persistence, and diligence 
D) experience substantial guilt regarding the harm that they cause to their victims

Question 4

In labeling theory, "secondary deviance" is used to refer to crimes that

Accepted Answer

A) are nonviolent, such as theft and vandalism 
B) occur as a result of an individual having been caught and labeled 
C) have traditionally been overlooked by criminologists 
D) occur as the result of other social problems, such as poverty and racism 
A) are nonviolent, such as theft and vandalism 
B) occur as a result of an individual having been caught and labeled 
C) have traditionally been overlooked by criminologists 
D) occur as the result of other social problems, such as poverty and racism

Question 5

Identify and explain two techniques of neutralization.

Accepted Answer

Denial of responsibility (claims it was

Question 6

______ focus on how people interpret and define their social reality and the meanings they attach to it in the process of interacting with one another via language.

Accepted Answer

A) symbolic interactionists 
B) functionalists 
C) conflict theorists 
D) feminists 
A) symbolic interactionists 
B) functionalists 
C) conflict theorists 
D) feminists

Question 7

______ is a perspective on learning that asserts that behavior is governed and shaped by consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) labeling 
B) operant psychology 
C) reinforcement 
D) symbolic interactionism 
A) labeling 
B) operant psychology 
C) reinforcement 
D) symbolic interactionism

Question 8

What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement makes the preced

Question 9

Labeling theory argues that processing law violators through the criminal justice system may actually embed individuals further into a criminal lifestyle, rather than having a deterrent effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance?

Accepted Answer

Primary deviance is the initia

Question 11

Define self-control according to Gottfredson and Hirschi.

Accepted Answer

The extent to which

Question 12

All versions of social control theory have been criticized for neglecting social structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A prison term is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) positive punishment 
D) negative punishment

Question 14

The most popular and enduring control theory is

Accepted Answer

A) self-control theory 
B) social bonding theory 
C) social control theory 
D) social learning theory 
A) self-control theory 
B) social bonding theory 
C) social control theory 
D) social learning theory

Question 15

Compare and contrast social bonding theory and self-control theory.How are they similar? How are they different?

Accepted Answer

Social bonding theory and self-control t

Question 16

Labeling theory is unlike other criminal theories, in that it does not ask why crime rates vary, or why individuals differ in their initial propensity to commit crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Negative reinforcement makes a behavior more likely to be repeated in the future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Describe both differential association theory and social learning theory.Compare and contrast what the two theories have in common, and how they differ?

Accepted Answer

Differential association theory and soci

Question 19

Describe Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory.What is self-control? It is stable? What is the role of opportunity in regard to self-control theory?

Accepted Answer

Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control t

Question 20

Differential association theory asserts that differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The view that offenders are risk-taking, oriented to the present, and lacking in patience, is most representative of which theory?

For social control theorists, the real question is not why some people behave so badly, but rather why most of us behave well most of the time.

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, most criminals

In labeling theory, "secondary deviance" is used to refer to crimes that

Identify and explain two techniques of neutralization.

______ focus on how people interpret and define their social reality and the meanings they attach to it in the process of interacting with one another via language.

______ is a perspective on learning that asserts that behavior is governed and shaped by consequences.

What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?

Labeling theory argues that processing law violators through the criminal justice system may actually embed individuals further into a criminal lifestyle, rather than having a deterrent effect.

How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance?

Define self-control according to Gottfredson and Hirschi.

All versions of social control theory have been criticized for neglecting social structure.

A prison term is an example of ______.

The most popular and enduring control theory is

Compare and contrast social bonding theory and self-control theory.How are they similar? How are they different?

Labeling theory is unlike other criminal theories, in that it does not ask why crime rates vary, or why individuals differ in their initial propensity to commit crime.

Negative reinforcement makes a behavior more likely to be repeated in the future.

Describe both differential association theory and social learning theory.Compare and contrast what the two theories have in common, and how they differ?

Describe Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory.What is self-control? It is stable? What is the role of opportunity in regard to self-control theory?

Differential association theory asserts that differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.

An Overview of Crime and Criminology

Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization

The Early Schools of Criminology

Crime As Choice: Rationality, Emotion, and Criminal Behavior

Social Structural Theories

Critical and Feminist Theories

Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior

Biosocial Approaches

Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

Crimes of Violence

Terrorism

Property Crime

Public Order Crime

White-Collar Crime

Organized Crime

Filters

Exam 7: Social Process Theories

The view that offenders are risk-taking, oriented to the present, and lacking in patience, is most representative of which theory?

For social control theorists, the real question is not why some people behave so badly, but rather why most of us behave well most of the time.

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, most criminals

In labeling theory, "secondary deviance" is used to refer to crimes that

Identify and explain two techniques of neutralization.

______ focus on how people interpret and define their social reality and the meanings they attach to it in the process of interacting with one another via language.

______ is a perspective on learning that asserts that behavior is governed and shaped by consequences.

What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?

Labeling theory argues that processing law violators through the criminal justice system may actually embed individuals further into a criminal lifestyle, rather than having a deterrent effect.

How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance?

Define self-control according to Gottfredson and Hirschi.

All versions of social control theory have been criticized for neglecting social structure.

A prison term is an example of ______.

The most popular and enduring control theory is

Compare and contrast social bonding theory and self-control theory.How are they similar? How are they different?

Labeling theory is unlike other criminal theories, in that it does not ask why crime rates vary, or why individuals differ in their initial propensity to commit crime.

Negative reinforcement makes a behavior more likely to be repeated in the future.

Describe both differential association theory and social learning theory.Compare and contrast what the two theories have in common, and how they differ?

Describe Gottfredson and Hirschi's self-control theory.What is self-control? It is stable? What is the role of opportunity in regard to self-control theory?

Differential association theory asserts that differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.

An Overview of Crime and Criminology

Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

Victimology: Exploring the Experience of Victimization

The Early Schools of Criminology

Crime As Choice: Rationality, Emotion, and Criminal Behavior

Social Structural Theories

Critical and Feminist Theories

Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior

Biosocial Approaches

Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

Crimes of Violence

Terrorism

Property Crime

Public Order Crime

White-Collar Crime

Organized Crime

Filters