Question 1

The main site of food absorption in the human digestive system is the

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach. 
B)  esophagus. 
C)  small intestine. 
D)  large intestine. 
E)  rectum. 
A)  stomach. 
B)  esophagus. 
C)  small intestine. 
D)  large intestine. 
E)  rectum.

Question 2

Kidney stones are calcium-rich crystals that form inside the kidney.What symptoms would you expect if the stones lodge in a ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased urine output 
B)  decreased urine pH 
C)  increased urine pH 
D)  decreased urine output 
E)  decreased urine osmolarity 
A)  increased urine output 
B)  decreased urine pH 
C)  increased urine pH 
D)  decreased urine output 
E)  decreased urine osmolarity

Question 3

The tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the human body is the

Accepted Answer

A)  uvula. 
B)  renal vein. 
C)  nephron. 
D)  urethra. 
E)  ureter. 
A)  uvula. 
B)  renal vein. 
C)  nephron. 
D)  urethra. 
E)  ureter.

Question 4

Which produces bile?

Accepted Answer

A)  gallbladder 
B)  liver 
C)  stomach 
D)  pancreas 
E)  appendix 
A)  gallbladder 
B)  liver 
C)  stomach 
D)  pancreas 
E)  appendix

Question 5

Mammals excrete nitrogen wastes as what?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia 
B)  urea 
C)  nucleotides 
D)  uric acid 
E)  allantoin 
A)  ammonia 
B)  urea 
C)  nucleotides 
D)  uric acid 
E)  allantoin

Question 6

Animals that eat a broad variety of foods,including plants and animals,are

Accepted Answer

A)  carnivores. 
B)  herbivores. 
C)  detritivores. 
D)  omnivores. 
E)  insectivores. 
A)  carnivores. 
B)  herbivores. 
C)  detritivores. 
D)  omnivores. 
E)  insectivores.

Question 7

Ammonia is toxic and must be secreted as a dilute solution.Why do most freshwater fish secrete ammonia,but mammals do not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freshwater fish do not have enough energy to convert ammonia to urea. 
B)  Mammals do not break proteins down forming ammonia. 
C)  Mammals do not secrete wastes in solution. 
D)  Freshwater fish can release ammonia without becoming dehydrated by drinking water. 
E)  Mammals can synthesize urea from ammonia without using energy. 
A)  Freshwater fish do not have enough energy to convert ammonia to urea. 
B)  Mammals do not break proteins down forming ammonia. 
C)  Mammals do not secrete wastes in solution. 
D)  Freshwater fish can release ammonia without becoming dehydrated by drinking water. 
E)  Mammals can synthesize urea from ammonia without using energy.

Question 8

Cells often use ________ to move ions against their concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple diffusion 
B)  facilitated diffusion 
C)  active transport 
D)  osmosis 
E)  cilia 
A)  simple diffusion 
B)  facilitated diffusion 
C)  active transport 
D)  osmosis 
E)  cilia

Question 9

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood circulation 
B)  lymphatic circulation 
C)  absorption of food 
D)  peristalsis 
E)  absorption of water 
A)  blood circulation 
B)  lymphatic circulation 
C)  absorption of food 
D)  peristalsis 
E)  absorption of water

Question 10

The chemical composition of urine reflects the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration only. 
B)  reabsorption only. 
C)  secretion only. 
D)  filtration and reabsorption only. 
E)  filtration, absorption, and secretion. 
A)  filtration only. 
B)  reabsorption only. 
C)  secretion only. 
D)  filtration and reabsorption only. 
E)  filtration, absorption, and secretion.

Question 11

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  provide the energy needed to use the vitamins. 
B)  prevent the absorption of water-soluble vitamins. 
C)  help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  provide food for the vitamins to break down. 
E)  provide the energy needed to synthesize more vitamins. 
A)  provide the energy needed to use the vitamins. 
B)  prevent the absorption of water-soluble vitamins. 
C)  help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  provide food for the vitamins to break down. 
E)  provide the energy needed to synthesize more vitamins.

Question 12

The semisolid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  feces. 
B)  chyme. 
C)  glottis. 
D)  cud. 
E)  mash. 
A)  feces. 
B)  chyme. 
C)  glottis. 
D)  cud. 
E)  mash.

Question 13

Which is caused by a vitamin C deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  rickets 
B)  blindness 
C)  scurvy 
D)  pellagra 
E)  anemia 
A)  rickets 
B)  blindness 
C)  scurvy 
D)  pellagra 
E)  anemia

Question 14

Homeostasis is defined as the ability of an organism to

Accepted Answer

A)  anchor itself to the rocks or soil of a body of water. 
B)  carry out chemical reactions. 
C)  sexually mature. 
D)  withstand extreme temperatures. 
E)  maintain a stable internal environment. 
A)  anchor itself to the rocks or soil of a body of water. 
B)  carry out chemical reactions. 
C)  sexually mature. 
D)  withstand extreme temperatures. 
E)  maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 15

The hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes the reabsorption of more water by the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  FSH. 
C)  GH. 
D)  LH. 
E)  ACTH. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  FSH. 
C)  GH. 
D)  LH. 
E)  ACTH.

Question 16

Heterotrophs eat to

Accepted Answer

A)  obtain potential energy stored in the chemical bonds. 
B)  provide reactants for respiration to make ATP. 
C)  obtain the monomers of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates constructed in organisms. 
D)  obtain carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. 
E)  All answers are correct. 
A)  obtain potential energy stored in the chemical bonds. 
B)  provide reactants for respiration to make ATP. 
C)  obtain the monomers of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates constructed in organisms. 
D)  obtain carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. 
E)  All answers are correct.

Question 17

Heterotrophs could live underground if they could find a food source,but photosynthetic autotrophs,which include the majority of autotrophs on Earth,must live where they can obtain sunlight.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Animals lose water through evaporation,in feces,and in urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The function of bile is to

Accepted Answer

A)  digest proteins. 
B)  digest carbohydrates. 
C)  emulsify fats. 
D)  digest nucleotides. 
E)  emulsify proteins. 
A)  digest proteins. 
B)  digest carbohydrates. 
C)  emulsify fats. 
D)  digest nucleotides. 
E)  emulsify proteins.

Question 20

To make use of the sugar in milk,your body needs the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  lipase. 
B)  amylase. 
C)  lactase. 
D)  pepsin. 
E)  bile. 
A)  lipase. 
B)  amylase. 
C)  lactase. 
D)  pepsin. 
E)  bile.

Exam 28: The Digestive and Urinary Systems

The main site of food absorption in the human digestive system is the

Kidney stones are calcium-rich crystals that form inside the kidney.What symptoms would you expect if the stones lodge in a ureter?

The tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the human body is the

Which produces bile?

Mammals excrete nitrogen wastes as what?

Animals that eat a broad variety of foods,including plants and animals,are

Ammonia is toxic and must be secreted as a dilute solution.Why do most freshwater fish secrete ammonia,but mammals do not?

Cells often use ________ to move ions against their concentration gradient.

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

The chemical composition of urine reflects the process of

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal in order to

The semisolid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed

Which is caused by a vitamin C deficiency?

Homeostasis is defined as the ability of an organism to

The hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes the reabsorption of more water by the kidney is

Heterotrophs eat to

Heterotrophs could live underground if they could find a food source,but photosynthetic autotrophs,which include the majority of autotrophs on Earth,must live where they can obtain sunlight.

Animals lose water through evaporation,in feces,and in urine.

The function of bile is to

To make use of the sugar in milk,your body needs the enzyme

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