Question 1

The middle layer of the wall of an artery or vein,allowing it to withstand and modify blood pressure, is

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue. 
B)  skeletal muscle. 
C)  smooth muscle. 
D)  endothelium. 
E)  simple squamous epithelial cells. 
A)  connective tissue. 
B)  skeletal muscle. 
C)  smooth muscle. 
D)  endothelium. 
E)  simple squamous epithelial cells. C

Question 2

Birds and mammals are endotherms,meaning they spend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant body temperature.To meet these energy needs,birds and mammals independently evolved four-chambered hearts,completing the separation of oxygen-rich from oxygen-depleted blood.How would this maximize the amount of oxygen reaching tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be increased. 
B)  Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be decreased. 
C)  Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the blood. 
D)  Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the tissues. 
E)  Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the lungs. 
A)  Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be increased. 
B)  Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be decreased. 
C)  Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the blood. 
D)  Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the tissues. 
E)  Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the lungs. A

Question 3

The human circulatory system transports blood in a one-directional circuit throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The two largest veins of the body that deliver blood to the right atrium are the

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava. 
B)  superior vena cava and pulmonary vein. 
C)  aorta and inferior vena cava. 
D)  inferior vena cava and superior vena cava. 
E)  aorta and superior vena cava. 
A)  pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava. 
B)  superior vena cava and pulmonary vein. 
C)  aorta and inferior vena cava. 
D)  inferior vena cava and superior vena cava. 
E)  aorta and superior vena cava.

Question 5

List the correct order of the terms below that describe the travel of an oxygen molecule in the blood from the heart to a muscle cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, interstitial fluid 
B)  capillaries, venules, veins, heart 
C)  heart, capillaries, venules, veins 
D)  heart, capillaries, arterioles, arteries, interstitial fluid 
E)  heart, capillaries, arterioles, arteries, alveoli 
A)  heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, interstitial fluid 
B)  capillaries, venules, veins, heart 
C)  heart, capillaries, venules, veins 
D)  heart, capillaries, arterioles, arteries, interstitial fluid 
E)  heart, capillaries, arterioles, arteries, alveoli

Question 6

Cardiac output may increase by

Accepted Answer

A)  both a lower than normal stroke volume and greater than normal heart rate. 
B)  a lower than normal stroke volume only. 
C)  a lower than normal heart rate only. 
D)  a greater than normal stroke volume only. 
E)  both a greater than normal stroke volume and heart rate. 
A)  both a lower than normal stroke volume and greater than normal heart rate. 
B)  a lower than normal stroke volume only. 
C)  a lower than normal heart rate only. 
D)  a greater than normal stroke volume only. 
E)  both a greater than normal stroke volume and heart rate.

Question 7

Each day the human heart sends a volume of blood equal to about ________ through the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  50,000 liters 
B)  1,000 liters 
C)  7,000 liters 
D)  2,000 liters 
E)  5,000 liters 
A)  50,000 liters 
B)  1,000 liters 
C)  7,000 liters 
D)  2,000 liters 
E)  5,000 liters

Question 8

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff,the first pulse sound that is heard through the stethoscope indicates that blood is flowing through the artery past the cuff.The reading on the pressure gauge at this point indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  that the heart is once again beating. 
B)  the force of contraction of the atria. 
C)  diastolic pressure. 
D)  venous pressure. 
E)  systolic pressure. 
A)  that the heart is once again beating. 
B)  the force of contraction of the atria. 
C)  diastolic pressure. 
D)  venous pressure. 
E)  systolic pressure.

Question 9

Systolic pressure reflects the force caused by the

Accepted Answer

A)  contraction of the atria. 
B)  relaxation of the atria. 
C)  relaxation of the ventricles. 
D)  contraction of the ventricles. 
E)  heart rate. 
A)  contraction of the atria. 
B)  relaxation of the atria. 
C)  relaxation of the ventricles. 
D)  contraction of the ventricles. 
E)  heart rate.

Question 10

The capillary wall consists only of

Accepted Answer

A)  a single layer of epithelial cells. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  cardiac muscle. 
D)  smooth muscle. 
E)  a single layer of epithelial cells covered by smooth muscle. 
A)  a single layer of epithelial cells. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  cardiac muscle. 
D)  smooth muscle. 
E)  a single layer of epithelial cells covered by smooth muscle.

Question 11

The medulla has receptors that monitor H⁺ concentrations in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The chamber of the heart that is the most powerful is the

Accepted Answer

A)  left atrium. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  right ventricle. 
E)  No answer is correct. 
A)  left atrium. 
B)  left ventricle. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  right ventricle. 
E)  No answer is correct.

Question 13

Irritants,such as cigarette smoke,cause the walls of the alveoli to tear,thereby reducing the surface area for gas exchange.A respiratory disease caused by long-term exposure to such irritants is

Accepted Answer

A)  anemia. 
B)  asthma. 
C)  emphysema. 
D)  artherosclerosis. 
E)  aneurysm. 
A)  anemia. 
B)  asthma. 
C)  emphysema. 
D)  artherosclerosis. 
E)  aneurysm.

Question 14

Which main tissue type of the circulatory system enables diffusion across walls of capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  connective 
B)  nervous 
C)  muscle 
D)  vascular 
E)  epithelial 
A)  connective 
B)  nervous 
C)  muscle 
D)  vascular 
E)  epithelial

Question 15

Medicine is taken to relieve pain.In which system will the medicine reach the site the fastest?

Accepted Answer

A)  open circulatory system 
B)  closed circulatory system 
C)  no muscular system 
D)  incomplete digestive system 
E)  complete digestive system 
A)  open circulatory system 
B)  closed circulatory system 
C)  no muscular system 
D)  incomplete digestive system 
E)  complete digestive system

Question 16

In aquatic organisms,highly folded structures that exchange gases directly with water are

Accepted Answer

A)  spicules. 
B)  alveoli. 
C)  tracheae. 
D)  gills. 
E)  spiracles. 
A)  spicules. 
B)  alveoli. 
C)  tracheae. 
D)  gills. 
E)  spiracles.

Question 17

The walls of the bronchioles are made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  cartilage. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  cartilage and smooth muscle. 
D)  cartilage and skeletal muscle. 
E)  skeletal muscle. 
A)  cartilage. 
B)  smooth muscle. 
C)  cartilage and smooth muscle. 
D)  cartilage and skeletal muscle. 
E)  skeletal muscle.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a main function of the upper respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  sense of smell 
B)  gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere 
C)  production of sounds 
D)  transport of oxygen to the cells of the body 
E)  maintaining blood pH homeostasis 
A)  sense of smell 
B)  gas exchange between the lungs and the atmosphere 
C)  production of sounds 
D)  transport of oxygen to the cells of the body 
E)  maintaining blood pH homeostasis

Question 19

If you were dealing with a patient who repeatedly had trouble with excessive bleeding,you might consider giving the patient a transfusion containing

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytes. 
B)  red blood cells. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  cartilage cells. 
E)  bone cells. 
A)  leukocytes. 
B)  red blood cells. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  cartilage cells. 
E)  bone cells.

Question 20

The narrowing of blood vessels is

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction. 
B)  cardioconstriction. 
C)  vasodilation. 
D)  cardiodilation. 
E)  No answer is correct. 
A)  vasoconstriction. 
B)  cardioconstriction. 
C)  vasodilation. 
D)  cardiodilation. 
E)  No answer is correct.

Exam 27: The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

The middle layer of the wall of an artery or vein,allowing it to withstand and modify blood pressure, is

The human circulatory system transports blood in a one-directional circuit throughout the body.

The two largest veins of the body that deliver blood to the right atrium are the

List the correct order of the terms below that describe the travel of an oxygen molecule in the blood from the heart to a muscle cell.

Cardiac output may increase by

Each day the human heart sends a volume of blood equal to about ________ through the body.

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff,the first pulse sound that is heard through the stethoscope indicates that blood is flowing through the artery past the cuff.The reading on the pressure gauge at this point indicates

Systolic pressure reflects the force caused by the

The capillary wall consists only of

The medulla has receptors that monitor H⁺ concentrations in the blood.

The chamber of the heart that is the most powerful is the

Irritants,such as cigarette smoke,cause the walls of the alveoli to tear,thereby reducing the surface area for gas exchange.A respiratory disease caused by long-term exposure to such irritants is

Which main tissue type of the circulatory system enables diffusion across walls of capillaries?

Medicine is taken to relieve pain.In which system will the medicine reach the site the fastest?

In aquatic organisms,highly folded structures that exchange gases directly with water are

The walls of the bronchioles are made up of

Which of the following is not a main function of the upper respiratory system?

If you were dealing with a patient who repeatedly had trouble with excessive bleeding,you might consider giving the patient a transfusion containing

The narrowing of blood vessels is

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