Question 1

-In the section "Investigating Life: Evolving Backwards," how did the scientists test the hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  They examined decrease in length of hind limbs in land-dwelling snakes. 
B)  They compared anatomy of fossil ancestors and extant snakes. 
C)  They examined decrease in length of hind limbs in marine snakes. 
D)  They compared terrestrial, freshwater, and marine snakes. 
E)  They compared anatomy of snakes, other reptiles, mammals, and birds. 
A)  They examined decrease in length of hind limbs in land-dwelling snakes. 
B)  They compared anatomy of fossil ancestors and extant snakes. 
C)  They examined decrease in length of hind limbs in marine snakes. 
D)  They compared terrestrial, freshwater, and marine snakes. 
E)  They compared anatomy of snakes, other reptiles, mammals, and birds. B

Question 2

If many genes from two species differ in about 5% of their bases and substitutions occur at an estimated rate of 5% per one million years,approximately how many years have passed since the two species diverged?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 million 
B)  5 million 
C)  10 million 
D)  20 million 
E)  50 million 
A)  1 million 
B)  5 million 
C)  10 million 
D)  20 million 
E)  50 million A

Question 3

If you were looking for a time line of Earth's history,you would need one spanning about 4.6 billion years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Data from embyros can be used to help establish evolutionary relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's surface is constantly moving from forces exerted on the surface layer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is least likely to be preserved as a fossil?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bone or shell 
B)  a leaf or stem 
C)  an organ like an eye or lung 
D)  a complete large organism 
E)  an organism that died on land 
A)  a bone or shell 
B)  a leaf or stem 
C)  an organ like an eye or lung 
D)  a complete large organism 
E)  an organism that died on land

Question 7

The observation that most aquatic animals,like fish,penguins,and whales,all have streamlined bodies and fins or flippers for steering are a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual selection. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  analogous selection. 
D)  vestigial selection. 
E)  convergent evolution. 
A)  sexual selection. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  analogous selection. 
D)  vestigial selection. 
E)  convergent evolution.

Question 8

If a structure has no apparent function in one species,yet is homologous to a functional organ in another species,this structure is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous. 
B)  homologous. 
C)  homeotic. 
D)  vestigial. 
E)  heterologous. 
A)  analogous. 
B)  homologous. 
C)  homeotic. 
D)  vestigial. 
E)  heterologous.

Question 9

What can be used as a molecular clock to estimate the time since organisms diverged from a common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  all types of RNA 
C)  only ribosomal RNA 
D)  ATP 
E)  All answers are correct. 
A)  DNA 
B)  all types of RNA 
C)  only ribosomal RNA 
D)  ATP 
E)  All answers are correct.

Question 10

Potassium-40 is useful in determining the age of a fossil in samples

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 25,000 years of age. 
B)  of 40,000 to 50,000 years of age. 
C)  300,000 years of age and older. 
D)  aged between 50,000 and 100,000 years of age. 
E)  aged between 100,000 years and 250,000 years. 
A)  less than 25,000 years of age. 
B)  of 40,000 to 50,000 years of age. 
C)  300,000 years of age and older. 
D)  aged between 50,000 and 100,000 years of age. 
E)  aged between 100,000 years and 250,000 years.

Question 11

A fossil is defined as any evidence of an organism from at least

Accepted Answer

A)  500 years ago. 
B)  1000 years ago. 
C)  25,000 years ago. 
D)  10,000 years ago. 
E)  100,000 years ago. 
A)  500 years ago. 
B)  1000 years ago. 
C)  25,000 years ago. 
D)  10,000 years ago. 
E)  100,000 years ago.

Question 12

Boa constrictors and pythons lack external limbs but their skeletons reveal bones of tiny hindlimbs.What structure is represented in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous 
B)  convergent 
C)  homologous 
D)  vestigial 
E)  homeotic 
A)  analogous 
B)  convergent 
C)  homologous 
D)  vestigial 
E)  homeotic

Question 13

In which period of evolution,in the Cenozoic era,would you find Homo sapiens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neogene 
B)  Quaternary 
C)  Paleogene 
D)  Cretaceous 
E)  Jurassic 
A)  Neogene 
B)  Quaternary 
C)  Paleogene 
D)  Cretaceous 
E)  Jurassic

Question 14

Dinosaurs lived during the Paleozoic era.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Carbon-14 is useful in determining the age of a fossil up to about ________ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  40,000 
B)  10,000 
C)  20,000 
D)  50,000 
E)  100,000 
A)  40,000 
B)  10,000 
C)  20,000 
D)  50,000 
E)  100,000

Question 16

The wings of a bat and a bird are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous structures. 
B)  homologous structures. 
C)  vestigial structures. 
D)  homeotic structures. 
E)  heterologous structures. 
A)  analogous structures. 
B)  homologous structures. 
C)  vestigial structures. 
D)  homeotic structures. 
E)  heterologous structures.

Question 17

Earth once consisted of a single large landmass and one ocean.The landmass is named

Accepted Answer

A)  Panthalassa. 
B)  Pangaea. 
C)  Laurasia. 
D)  Gondwana. 
E)  Ultima Continenta. 
A)  Panthalassa. 
B)  Pangaea. 
C)  Laurasia. 
D)  Gondwana. 
E)  Ultima Continenta.

Question 18

Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can no longer mate and exchange mutated genes. 
B)  The molecular clock runs at different speeds in different species. 
C)  Convergent evolution causes the difference in mutations. 
D)  Natural selection favors mutations in one species over another. 
E)  All answers are correct. 
A)  They can no longer mate and exchange mutated genes. 
B)  The molecular clock runs at different speeds in different species. 
C)  Convergent evolution causes the difference in mutations. 
D)  Natural selection favors mutations in one species over another. 
E)  All answers are correct.

Question 19

The sequence of eras beginning with the earliest era and proceeding forward to the most recent era in the geologic timescale is

Accepted Answer

A)  Archean - Mesozoic - Cenozoic. 
B)  Cenozoic - Archean - Mesozoic. 
C)  Archean - Paleozoic - Proterozoic. 
D)  Mesozoic - Cenozoic - Paleozoic. 
E)  Paleozoic - Mesozoic - Cenozoic. 
A)  Archean - Mesozoic - Cenozoic. 
B)  Cenozoic - Archean - Mesozoic. 
C)  Archean - Paleozoic - Proterozoic. 
D)  Mesozoic - Cenozoic - Paleozoic. 
E)  Paleozoic - Mesozoic - Cenozoic.

Question 20

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect independent evolution,these structures are

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous. 
B)  vestigial. 
C)  homologous. 
D)  homeotic. 
E)  heterologous. 
A)  analogous. 
B)  vestigial. 
C)  homologous. 
D)  homeotic. 
E)  heterologous.

Exam 13: Evidence of Evolution

-In the section "Investigating Life: Evolving Backwards," how did the scientists test the hypothesis?

If many genes from two species differ in about 5% of their bases and substitutions occur at an estimated rate of 5% per one million years,approximately how many years have passed since the two species diverged?

If you were looking for a time line of Earth's history,you would need one spanning about 4.6 billion years.

Data from embyros can be used to help establish evolutionary relationships.

The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's surface is constantly moving from forces exerted on the surface layer.

Which of the following is least likely to be preserved as a fossil?

The observation that most aquatic animals,like fish,penguins,and whales,all have streamlined bodies and fins or flippers for steering are a result of

If a structure has no apparent function in one species,yet is homologous to a functional organ in another species,this structure is termed

What can be used as a molecular clock to estimate the time since organisms diverged from a common ancestor?

Potassium-40 is useful in determining the age of a fossil in samples

A fossil is defined as any evidence of an organism from at least

Boa constrictors and pythons lack external limbs but their skeletons reveal bones of tiny hindlimbs.What structure is represented in this example?

In which period of evolution,in the Cenozoic era,would you find Homo sapiens?

Dinosaurs lived during the Paleozoic era.

Carbon-14 is useful in determining the age of a fossil up to about ________ years ago.

The wings of a bat and a bird are examples of

Earth once consisted of a single large landmass and one ocean.The landmass is named

Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?

The sequence of eras beginning with the earliest era and proceeding forward to the most recent era in the geologic timescale is

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect independent evolution,these structures are

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