Question 1

Glutamate is the most common excitatory neurochemical in the central nervous system (CNS).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

When the body's compensation for a drug cancels out most of the drug's effects, ________ occurs, and when the compensatory effects occur alone, ________ occurs.

Accepted Answer

tolerance,

Question 3

Adrenergic and noradrenergic receptor subtypes are

Accepted Answer

A)  always ionotropic. 
B)  always metabotropic. 
C)  ionotropic in synapses using norepinephrine and metabotropic in synapses using epinephrine. 
D)  ionotropic in synapses using epinephrine and metabotropic in synapses using norepinephrine. 
A)  always ionotropic. 
B)  always metabotropic. 
C)  ionotropic in synapses using norepinephrine and metabotropic in synapses using epinephrine. 
D)  ionotropic in synapses using epinephrine and metabotropic in synapses using norepinephrine.

Question 4

In a double-blind experimental procedure

Accepted Answer

A)  both the participant and experimenter know whether the participant received a drug or a placebo. 
B)  the participant, but not the experimenter, knows whether he/she received a drug or a placebo. 
C)  the experimenter, but not the participant, knows whether the participant received a drug or a placebo. 
D)  neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the participant received a drug or a placebo. 
A)  both the participant and experimenter know whether the participant received a drug or a placebo. 
B)  the participant, but not the experimenter, knows whether he/she received a drug or a placebo. 
C)  the experimenter, but not the participant, knows whether the participant received a drug or a placebo. 
D)  neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the participant received a drug or a placebo.

Question 5

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produces its effects by stimulating the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The most common excitatory neurochemical in the CNS is

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  ACh. 
C)  GABA. 
D)  glutamate. 
A)  serotonin. 
B)  ACh. 
C)  GABA. 
D)  glutamate.

Question 7

Dr. Hagiwara synthesized a new drug in her laboratory and discovered that it enhanced dopamine activity in the mesolimbic system of rats. What conclusions should Dr. Hagiwara draw from this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no risk that the drug would be addictive to humans, because rats and humans respond to substances very differently. 
B)  Dr. Hagiwara should immediately try out the drug on some human volunteers to assess whether or not the drug is addictive. 
C)  Based on the information she has, Dr. Hagiwara cannot draw any conclusions about the addictive potential of her new drug. 
D)  There is a significant risk that the drug would be addictive to humans. 
A)  There is no risk that the drug would be addictive to humans, because rats and humans respond to substances very differently. 
B)  Dr. Hagiwara should immediately try out the drug on some human volunteers to assess whether or not the drug is addictive. 
C)  Based on the information she has, Dr. Hagiwara cannot draw any conclusions about the addictive potential of her new drug. 
D)  There is a significant risk that the drug would be addictive to humans.

Question 8

Neurons using which of the following neurochemicals are especially likely to deteriorate in cases of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  GABA 
C)  ACh 
D)  serotonin 
A)  dopamine 
B)  GABA 
C)  ACh 
D)  serotonin

Question 9

The hypothalamus uses neurohormones to stimulate release of other hormones. What advantage does this have in hormone release?

Accepted Answer

The use of tropic hormones allows a smal

Question 10

______ rely on cholinergic neurons in the frontal lobes of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulating mood and appetite 
B)  Processing olfaction 
C)  Learning and memory 
D)  Maintaining homeostasis 
A)  Regulating mood and appetite 
B)  Processing olfaction 
C)  Learning and memory 
D)  Maintaining homeostasis

Question 11

There is a set of criteria that identifies a substance as a neurochemical. When many of the neurotransmitters are amino acids that would be present in a neuron anyway, why are criteria needed: Do these criteria provide some advantage?

Accepted Answer

Even amino acid neurochemicals need to b

Question 12

Vesicles

Accepted Answer

A)  containing neuropeptides are used only once, whereas vesicles containing small molecule neurochemicals are recycled. 
B)  containing small molecule neurochemicals are used only once, whereas vesicles containing neuropeptides are recycles. 
C)  containing some small molecule neurochemicals are recycled, while vesicles containing other types of small molecules are not. 
D)  containing some neuropeptides are recycled, while vesicles containing other types of neuropeptides are not. 
A)  containing neuropeptides are used only once, whereas vesicles containing small molecule neurochemicals are recycled. 
B)  containing small molecule neurochemicals are used only once, whereas vesicles containing neuropeptides are recycles. 
C)  containing some small molecule neurochemicals are recycled, while vesicles containing other types of small molecules are not. 
D)  containing some neuropeptides are recycled, while vesicles containing other types of neuropeptides are not.

Question 13

Nicotine is an agonist for the type of ACh receptors present on muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Within the brain, NO

Accepted Answer

A)  does not appear to play an important role in any system. 
B)  appears to play an important role in regulating breathing and blood pressure. 
C)  appears to play an important role in higher cognitive functions, such as attention. 
D)  appears to play an important role in regulating sensory input to the cortex. 
A)  does not appear to play an important role in any system. 
B)  appears to play an important role in regulating breathing and blood pressure. 
C)  appears to play an important role in higher cognitive functions, such as attention. 
D)  appears to play an important role in regulating sensory input to the cortex.

Question 15

A drug that mimics the action of a neurochemical is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  agonist. 
B)  antagonist. 
C)  facilitator. 
D)  enabler. 
A)  agonist. 
B)  antagonist. 
C)  facilitator. 
D)  enabler.

Question 16

Tolerance develops for the use of some drugs because

Accepted Answer

A)  over time, the blood-brain barrier more effectively blocks the movement of the drug from the blood supply into the brain. 
B)  more of the drug is absorbed by the body's fat stores, leading to the need to use more to get the same effects. 
C)  the body's compensation for the drug cancels out its effects. 
D)  the experienced user's expectations cancel out the drug's effects. 
A)  over time, the blood-brain barrier more effectively blocks the movement of the drug from the blood supply into the brain. 
B)  more of the drug is absorbed by the body's fat stores, leading to the need to use more to get the same effects. 
C)  the body's compensation for the drug cancels out its effects. 
D)  the experienced user's expectations cancel out the drug's effects.

Question 17

The neurochemical used in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction is

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine. 
B)  GABA. 
C)  ACh. 
D)  serotonin. 
A)  dopamine. 
B)  GABA. 
C)  ACh. 
D)  serotonin.

Question 18

Describe the action of LSD in the brain, and relate this mode of action to the behavioral effects of the drug.

Accepted Answer

LSD acts on serotonin receptors in the p

Question 19

Alcohol produces its effects by acting on the ______ receptor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Alcohol produces its effects by acting on...

Question 20

The release of vesicles containing neuropeptides requires

Accepted Answer

A)  higher levels of calcium than the release of small-molecule neurochemicals. 
B)  lower levels of calcium than the release of small-molecule neurochemicals. 
C)  approximately equal levels of calcium as the release of small-molecule neurochemicals. 
D)  no calcium at all. 
A)  higher levels of calcium than the release of small-molecule neurochemicals. 
B)  lower levels of calcium than the release of small-molecule neurochemicals. 
C)  approximately equal levels of calcium as the release of small-molecule neurochemicals. 
D)  no calcium at all.

Glutamate is the most common excitatory neurochemical in the central nervous system (CNS).

When the body's compensation for a drug cancels out most of the drug's effects, occurs, and when the compensatory effects occur alone, occurs.

Adrenergic and noradrenergic receptor subtypes are

In a double-blind experimental procedure

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produces its effects by stimulating the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

The most common excitatory neurochemical in the CNS is

Dr. Hagiwara synthesized a new drug in her laboratory and discovered that it enhanced dopamine activity in the mesolimbic system of rats. What conclusions should Dr. Hagiwara draw from this finding?

Neurons using which of the following neurochemicals are especially likely to deteriorate in cases of Alzheimer's disease?

The hypothalamus uses neurohormones to stimulate release of other hormones. What advantage does this have in hormone release?

______ rely on cholinergic neurons in the frontal lobes of the brain.

There is a set of criteria that identifies a substance as a neurochemical. When many of the neurotransmitters are amino acids that would be present in a neuron anyway, why are criteria needed: Do these criteria provide some advantage?

Vesicles

Nicotine is an agonist for the type of ACh receptors present on muscle.

Within the brain, NO

A drug that mimics the action of a neurochemical is known as a(n)

Tolerance develops for the use of some drugs because

The neurochemical used in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction is

Describe the action of LSD in the brain, and relate this mode of action to the behavioral effects of the drug.

Alcohol produces its effects by acting on the ______ receptor.

The release of vesicles containing neuropeptides requires

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Exam 4: Psychopharmacology

Glutamate is the most common excitatory neurochemical in the central nervous system (CNS).

When the body's compensation for a drug cancels out most of the drug's effects, ________ occurs, and when the compensatory effects occur alone, ________ occurs.

Adrenergic and noradrenergic receptor subtypes are

In a double-blind experimental procedure

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produces its effects by stimulating the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

The most common excitatory neurochemical in the CNS is

Dr. Hagiwara synthesized a new drug in her laboratory and discovered that it enhanced dopamine activity in the mesolimbic system of rats. What conclusions should Dr. Hagiwara draw from this finding?

Neurons using which of the following neurochemicals are especially likely to deteriorate in cases of Alzheimer's disease?

The hypothalamus uses neurohormones to stimulate release of other hormones. What advantage does this have in hormone release?

______ rely on cholinergic neurons in the frontal lobes of the brain.

There is a set of criteria that identifies a substance as a neurochemical. When many of the neurotransmitters are amino acids that would be present in a neuron anyway, why are criteria needed: Do these criteria provide some advantage?

Vesicles

Nicotine is an agonist for the type of ACh receptors present on muscle.

Within the brain, NO

A drug that mimics the action of a neurochemical is known as a(n)

Tolerance develops for the use of some drugs because

The neurochemical used in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction is

Describe the action of LSD in the brain, and relate this mode of action to the behavioral effects of the drug.

Alcohol produces its effects by acting on the ______ receptor.

The release of vesicles containing neuropeptides requires

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

When the body's compensation for a drug cancels out most of the drug's effects, occurs, and when the compensatory effects occur alone, occurs.