Question 1

How does an experimental research design differ from a nonexperimental research design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experimental designs allow observation of a phenomenon as it naturally occurs, and nonexperimental designs permit environmental manipulation. 
B)  Nonexperimental designs manipulate the dependent variable, and experimental designs manipulate the independent variable. 
C)  Nonexperimental designs attempt to test differences among variables, and experimental designs attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships. 
D)  Experimental designs are scientific, and nonexperimental designs have no scientific basis. 
A)  Experimental designs allow observation of a phenomenon as it naturally occurs, and nonexperimental designs permit environmental manipulation. 
B)  Nonexperimental designs manipulate the dependent variable, and experimental designs manipulate the independent variable. 
C)  Nonexperimental designs attempt to test differences among variables, and experimental designs attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships. 
D)  Experimental designs are scientific, and nonexperimental designs have no scientific basis.

Question 2

A nurse researcher would choose to use a correlational study of multiple variables for which purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)  To identify the independent variable 
B)  To test whether one variable causes another variable 
C)  To examine relationships between or among variables 
D)  To distinguish how different one variable is from another variable 
A)  To identify the independent variable 
B)  To test whether one variable causes another variable 
C)  To examine relationships between or among variables 
D)  To distinguish how different one variable is from another variable

Question 3

Which of the following factors or situations in a study using a correlational design should cause you to question the validity of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The study did not have a nontreatment control group. 
B)  The researchers concluded that a causal relationship existed between the variables. 
C)  The researchers suggested that their findings had practical application in a clinical setting. 
D)  The researchers used preexisting instruments to measure the variables instead of developing specific instruments for the study. 
A)  The study did not have a nontreatment control group. 
B)  The researchers concluded that a causal relationship existed between the variables. 
C)  The researchers suggested that their findings had practical application in a clinical setting. 
D)  The researchers used preexisting instruments to measure the variables instead of developing specific instruments for the study.

Question 4

A nurse researcher will choose an ex post facto design over more a correlational design for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easier to implement. 
B)  The independent variable can be manipulated. 
C)  There is a greater degree of control in the design. 
D)  There is increased flexibility when variables relationships are complex. 
A)  It is easier to implement. 
B)  The independent variable can be manipulated. 
C)  There is a greater degree of control in the design. 
D)  There is increased flexibility when variables relationships are complex.

Question 5

Which of the following threats to internal validity is more likely to occur with a longitudinal design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Instrumentation effects 
B)  Mortality effects 
C)  History effects 
D)  Selection bias 
A)  Instrumentation effects 
B)  Mortality effects 
C)  History effects 
D)  Selection bias

Question 6

What type of research focuses on the theory and development of measurement instruments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meta-analysis 
B)  Psychometrics 
C)  Methodology 
D)  Data management 
A)  Meta-analysis 
B)  Psychometrics 
C)  Methodology 
D)  Data management

Question 7

What is the major characteristic of a retrospective,or ex post facto,study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obtaining informed consent is not an important issue in a retrospective study. 
B)  Maximal opportunity to manipulate the independent variable exists in a retrospective study. 
C)  In a retrospective study, the dependent variable is measured multiple times to examine the effect of maturation. 
D)  The dependent variable has already been affected by the independent variable in a retrospective study. 
A)  Obtaining informed consent is not an important issue in a retrospective study. 
B)  Maximal opportunity to manipulate the independent variable exists in a retrospective study. 
C)  In a retrospective study, the dependent variable is measured multiple times to examine the effect of maturation. 
D)  The dependent variable has already been affected by the independent variable in a retrospective study.

Question 8

What features identify a study as methodological in design?

Accepted Answer

A)  A description of how the tool's items were formulated 
B)  A description of the experimental treatment 
C)  A clear definition of how the construct was measured 
D)  A reporting on the tool's tested reliability and validity 
E)  A statistical table showing the effect of the independent variable 
A)  A description of how the tool's items were formulated 
B)  A description of the experimental treatment 
C)  A clear definition of how the construct was measured 
D)  A reporting on the tool's tested reliability and validity 
E)  A statistical table showing the effect of the independent variable

Question 9

Which types of research designs are considered to be relationship-difference studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Developmental 
E)  Comparative
F) Cross-sectional 
A)  Descriptive 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Developmental 
E)  Comparative
F) Cross-sectional

Question 10

Which of the following study titles suggests a cross-sectional design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Effect of Prenatal Parenting Classes on Maternal-Infant Bonding in the Early Postpartum Period 
B)  Change in Self-Esteem Over Time Among Women Participating in a Weight Loss Support Group 
C)  Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Successful Breastfeeding at 1 Month and 6 Months After Delivery 
D)  Women's Appraisal of the Diagnosis Within the First 48 Hours After Initial Breast Cancer Diagnosis 
A)  Effect of Prenatal Parenting Classes on Maternal-Infant Bonding in the Early Postpartum Period 
B)  Change in Self-Esteem Over Time Among Women Participating in a Weight Loss Support Group 
C)  Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Successful Breastfeeding at 1 Month and 6 Months After Delivery 
D)  Women's Appraisal of the Diagnosis Within the First 48 Hours After Initial Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Question 11

What can a nurse researcher address in a study using a survey design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interrelationships of variables 
B)  Description of variables 
C)  Assessment of differences between variables 
D)  Determination of causation 
E)  Prediction of treatment outcomes 
A)  Interrelationships of variables 
B)  Description of variables 
C)  Assessment of differences between variables 
D)  Determination of causation 
E)  Prediction of treatment outcomes

Question 12

A nurse researcher will choose to use a developmental study design to do what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allow comparison of the results of qualitative studies of a phenomenon to the results of quantitative studies of the same phenomenon 
B)  Allow reanalysis of existing data for a secondary purpose not stated in the original research 
C)  Allow exploration of the changing nature of relationships between variables over time 
D)  Allow development or refinement of a tool or instrument 
A)  Allow comparison of the results of qualitative studies of a phenomenon to the results of quantitative studies of the same phenomenon 
B)  Allow reanalysis of existing data for a secondary purpose not stated in the original research 
C)  Allow exploration of the changing nature of relationships between variables over time 
D)  Allow development or refinement of a tool or instrument

Question 13

A nurse researcher would decide to use a longitudinal or prospective design for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  The data obtained are focused and deep. 
B)  The study overall is more manageable for the researcher. 
C)  The issue of maturation as a threat to internal validity is avoided in this design. 
D)  This design does not require the use of tools or instrumentation. 
A)  The data obtained are focused and deep. 
B)  The study overall is more manageable for the researcher. 
C)  The issue of maturation as a threat to internal validity is avoided in this design. 
D)  This design does not require the use of tools or instrumentation.

How does an experimental research design differ from a nonexperimental research design?

A nurse researcher would choose to use a correlational study of multiple variables for which purpose?

Which of the following factors or situations in a study using a correlational design should cause you to question the validity of the study?

A nurse researcher will choose an ex post facto design over more a correlational design for which reason?

Which of the following threats to internal validity is more likely to occur with a longitudinal design?

What type of research focuses on the theory and development of measurement instruments?

What is the major characteristic of a retrospective,or ex post facto,study?

What features identify a study as methodological in design?

Which types of research designs are considered to be relationship-difference studies?

Which of the following study titles suggests a cross-sectional design?

What can a nurse researcher address in a study using a survey design?

A nurse researcher will choose to use a developmental study design to do what?

A nurse researcher would decide to use a longitudinal or prospective design for which reason?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters

Exam 11: Non-Experimental Designs

How does an experimental research design differ from a nonexperimental research design?

A nurse researcher would choose to use a correlational study of multiple variables for which purpose?

Which of the following factors or situations in a study using a correlational design should cause you to question the validity of the study?

A nurse researcher will choose an ex post facto design over more a correlational design for which reason?

Which of the following threats to internal validity is more likely to occur with a longitudinal design?

What type of research focuses on the theory and development of measurement instruments?

What is the major characteristic of a retrospective,or ex post facto,study?

What features identify a study as methodological in design?

Which types of research designs are considered to be relationship-difference studies?

Which of the following study titles suggests a cross-sectional design?

What can a nurse researcher address in a study using a survey design?

A nurse researcher will choose to use a developmental study design to do what?

A nurse researcher would decide to use a longitudinal or prospective design for which reason?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters