Question 1

When should an extraneous variable be included as part of the study's design?

Accepted Answer

A)  When it is nonmodifiable, such as age or gender 
B)  When it is an important consideration for the outcome 
C)  When the researcher is limited by time and monetary issues 
D)  When it would not make a difference to the overall study outcome 
A)  When it is nonmodifiable, such as age or gender 
B)  When it is an important consideration for the outcome 
C)  When the researcher is limited by time and monetary issues 
D)  When it would not make a difference to the overall study outcome B

Question 2

In which of these ways does the nurse researcher's literature review help select the appropriate study design?

Accepted Answer

A)  By enlarging the scope of the study's hypotheses 
B)  By objectively assessing available knowledge of the area 
C)  By comparing current findings with previous study findings 
D)  By ensuring faithfulness to the study's purpose 
A)  By enlarging the scope of the study's hypotheses 
B)  By objectively assessing available knowledge of the area 
C)  By comparing current findings with previous study findings 
D)  By ensuring faithfulness to the study's purpose B

Question 3

The nurse researcher designed a study examining anxiety among elementary school children.If a widely publicized murder of a child occurred in the city during the time frame of the study,what type of threat to internal validity would the murder represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maturation 
B)  Instrumentation 
C)  Selection bias 
D)  Historical 
A)  Maturation 
B)  Instrumentation 
C)  Selection bias 
D)  Historical D

Question 4

A nurse researcher is investigating the effect of type of operating room mattress and surgical position on tissue interface pressures in healthy young adults.Which component of research is most affected by the choice of participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mortality 
B)  Instrumentation 
C)  Internal validity 
D)  External validity 
A)  Mortality 
B)  Instrumentation 
C)  Internal validity 
D)  External validity

Question 5

A nurse is designing a study to determine whether a videotape or a written pamphlet is more effective in teaching young women how to perform breast self-examination (BSE).Which of these actions would provide the best control for a mediating variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Include identical content in both BSE teaching methods 
B)  Exclude participants who already perform BSE on a regular basis 
C)  Limit the study participants to women who are heterosexual 
D)  Determine what breast cancer means to the individual participants 
A)  Include identical content in both BSE teaching methods 
B)  Exclude participants who already perform BSE on a regular basis 
C)  Limit the study participants to women who are heterosexual 
D)  Determine what breast cancer means to the individual participants

Question 6

For which type of quantitative study is the issue of control less important?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paper-and-pencil 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Experimental 
D)  Correlational 
A)  Paper-and-pencil 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Experimental 
D)  Correlational

Question 7

Which factors would be considered threats to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Time 
B)  Selection effects 
C)  History 
D)  Testing 
E)  Participant availability
F) Cost
G) Selection bias 
A)  Time 
B)  Selection effects 
C)  History 
D)  Testing 
E)  Participant availability
F) Cost
G) Selection bias

Question 8

When should a nurse researcher include an extraneous variable as part of a study's design?

Accepted Answer

A)  When excluding the variable would limit the study's generalizability 
B)  When the variable is an important consideration for the study's outcome 
C)  When the researcher is limited by time or monetary constraints 
D)  When it would not make a difference in the overall study outcome 
A)  When excluding the variable would limit the study's generalizability 
B)  When the variable is an important consideration for the study's outcome 
C)  When the researcher is limited by time or monetary constraints 
D)  When it would not make a difference in the overall study outcome

Question 9

A nurse researcher assigns participants to experimental and control groups in such a manner that each participant in a population has an equal chance of being selected.What is the researcher using?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selection bias 
B)  Convenience sampling 
C)  Randomization 
D)  Internal validity 
A)  Selection bias 
B)  Convenience sampling 
C)  Randomization 
D)  Internal validity

Question 10

A nurse researcher is planning to write a proposal for a research study using a quantitative design.To maintain control in the study,the nurse should include which elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid, reliable collection methods 
B)  Participants of all ages 
C)  Trained data collectors 
D)  Standardized data collection processes 
E)  Analysis of data by words or text only 
A)  Valid, reliable collection methods 
B)  Participants of all ages 
C)  Trained data collectors 
D)  Standardized data collection processes 
E)  Analysis of data by words or text only

Question 11

In what way could a homogeneous population of participants in a study weaken the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  By decreasing the reliability of the findings 
B)  By decreasing the generalizability of the findings 
C)  By increasing the number of participants needed to reach statistical significance 
D)  By increasing the risk of the findings being the result of chance alone 
A)  By decreasing the reliability of the findings 
B)  By decreasing the generalizability of the findings 
C)  By increasing the number of participants needed to reach statistical significance 
D)  By increasing the risk of the findings being the result of chance alone

Question 12

Which of the following factors would be considered a mediating variable among potential participants in a study to determine whether high doses of vitamin C are helpful in reducing susceptibility to influenza?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gender and religion of the potential participants 
B)  The participants' previous experience with influenza 
C)  The participants having received influenza vaccination 
D)  The educational level and marital status of the potential participants 
A)  Gender and religion of the potential participants 
B)  The participants' previous experience with influenza 
C)  The participants having received influenza vaccination 
D)  The educational level and marital status of the potential participants

Question 13

Which of the following aspect of the study is considered a measure to maintain the uniformity of conditions of a quantitative study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accuracy 
B)  Methods 
C)  Control 
D)  Validity 
A)  Accuracy 
B)  Methods 
C)  Control 
D)  Validity

Question 14

What should the nurse researcher consider when determining the feasibility of a research question?

Accepted Answer

A)  Time 
B)  Selection effects 
C)  Reactive effects 
D)  Measurement effects 
E)  Participant availability
F) Cost 
A)  Time 
B)  Selection effects 
C)  Reactive effects 
D)  Measurement effects 
E)  Participant availability
F) Cost

Question 15

Why should a nurse researcher want to limit or eliminate extraneous variables in a study?

Accepted Answer

A)  More research questions would be required to account for the extraneous variables. 
B)  Extensive statistical analysis would be required to justify the presence of extraneous variables. 
C)  Extraneous variables compete with the independent variables as explanations of the study's outcome. 
D)  Manipulation of the extraneous variables increases the risk for researcher bias in the study's outcomes. 
A)  More research questions would be required to account for the extraneous variables. 
B)  Extensive statistical analysis would be required to justify the presence of extraneous variables. 
C)  Extraneous variables compete with the independent variables as explanations of the study's outcome. 
D)  Manipulation of the extraneous variables increases the risk for researcher bias in the study's outcomes.

Question 16

Which of the following actions in a quantitative research study represents a measure to eliminate bias on the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Establishing strict eligibility criteria for the study participants 
B)  Ensuring that all data are collected by a single researcher 
C)  Formulating at least two hypotheses for each research question 
D)  Testing a theoretical framework 
A)  Establishing strict eligibility criteria for the study participants 
B)  Ensuring that all data are collected by a single researcher 
C)  Formulating at least two hypotheses for each research question 
D)  Testing a theoretical framework

Question 17

When reviewing a research report,the nurse determines that all aspects of a study systematically and logically follow from the research problem.Which condition has been met?

Accepted Answer

A)  Accuracy 
B)  Legitimacy 
C)  Internal validity 
D)  External validity 
A)  Accuracy 
B)  Legitimacy 
C)  Internal validity 
D)  External validity

Question 18

How could a nurse researcher's use of a homogeneous sample weaken a research study?

Accepted Answer

A)  By decreasing the reliability of the findings 
B)  By decreasing the generalizability of the findings 
C)  By increasing the number of participants needed to reach statistical significance 
D)  By increasing the risk that the findings were the result of chance alone 
A)  By decreasing the reliability of the findings 
B)  By decreasing the generalizability of the findings 
C)  By increasing the number of participants needed to reach statistical significance 
D)  By increasing the risk that the findings were the result of chance alone

Question 19

A nurse researcher should consider mortality a threat to the study's internal validity for which of these reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is concern that the intervention may have harmful effects on participants. 
B)  Those who dropped out of the study may be different than those who remained in the study. 
C)  Those who participated in the study may have died as a result of being in the study. 
D)  There is concern that the design is inappropriate for the study question if a large number of participants dropout of a study. 
A)  There is concern that the intervention may have harmful effects on participants. 
B)  Those who dropped out of the study may be different than those who remained in the study. 
C)  Those who participated in the study may have died as a result of being in the study. 
D)  There is concern that the design is inappropriate for the study question if a large number of participants dropout of a study.

Question 20

Which of the following techniques or actions represents constancy in data collection for control of extraneous variables in a study examining the effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone density loss in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drawing blood from all participants at the same time of day 
B)  Always having the same nurse or phlebotomist always draw blood from all participants 
C)  Using the same room for drawing blood from all participants 
D)  Ensuring that all participants are postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy 
A)  Drawing blood from all participants at the same time of day 
B)  Always having the same nurse or phlebotomist always draw blood from all participants 
C)  Using the same room for drawing blood from all participants 
D)  Ensuring that all participants are postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy

When should an extraneous variable be included as part of the study's design?

In which of these ways does the nurse researcher's literature review help select the appropriate study design?

The nurse researcher designed a study examining anxiety among elementary school children.If a widely publicized murder of a child occurred in the city during the time frame of the study,what type of threat to internal validity would the murder represent?

A nurse researcher is investigating the effect of type of operating room mattress and surgical position on tissue interface pressures in healthy young adults.Which component of research is most affected by the choice of participants?

A nurse is designing a study to determine whether a videotape or a written pamphlet is more effective in teaching young women how to perform breast self-examination (BSE).Which of these actions would provide the best control for a mediating variable?

For which type of quantitative study is the issue of control less important?

Which factors would be considered threats to internal validity?

When should a nurse researcher include an extraneous variable as part of a study's design?

A nurse researcher assigns participants to experimental and control groups in such a manner that each participant in a population has an equal chance of being selected.What is the researcher using?

A nurse researcher is planning to write a proposal for a research study using a quantitative design.To maintain control in the study,the nurse should include which elements?

In what way could a homogeneous population of participants in a study weaken the study?

Which of the following factors would be considered a mediating variable among potential participants in a study to determine whether high doses of vitamin C are helpful in reducing susceptibility to influenza?

Which of the following aspect of the study is considered a measure to maintain the uniformity of conditions of a quantitative study?

What should the nurse researcher consider when determining the feasibility of a research question?

Why should a nurse researcher want to limit or eliminate extraneous variables in a study?

Which of the following actions in a quantitative research study represents a measure to eliminate bias on the dependent variable?

When reviewing a research report,the nurse determines that all aspects of a study systematically and logically follow from the research problem.Which condition has been met?

How could a nurse researcher's use of a homogeneous sample weaken a research study?

A nurse researcher should consider mortality a threat to the study's internal validity for which of these reasons?

Which of the following techniques or actions represents constancy in data collection for control of extraneous variables in a study examining the effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone density loss in postmenopausal women?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Non-Experimental Designs

Sampling

Data Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters

Exam 9: Introduction to Quantitative Research

When should an extraneous variable be included as part of the study's design?

In which of these ways does the nurse researcher's literature review help select the appropriate study design?

The nurse researcher designed a study examining anxiety among elementary school children.If a widely publicized murder of a child occurred in the city during the time frame of the study,what type of threat to internal validity would the murder represent?

A nurse researcher is investigating the effect of type of operating room mattress and surgical position on tissue interface pressures in healthy young adults.Which component of research is most affected by the choice of participants?

A nurse is designing a study to determine whether a videotape or a written pamphlet is more effective in teaching young women how to perform breast self-examination (BSE).Which of these actions would provide the best control for a mediating variable?

For which type of quantitative study is the issue of control less important?

Which factors would be considered threats to internal validity?

When should a nurse researcher include an extraneous variable as part of a study's design?

A nurse researcher assigns participants to experimental and control groups in such a manner that each participant in a population has an equal chance of being selected.What is the researcher using?

A nurse researcher is planning to write a proposal for a research study using a quantitative design.To maintain control in the study,the nurse should include which elements?

In what way could a homogeneous population of participants in a study weaken the study?

Which of the following factors would be considered a mediating variable among potential participants in a study to determine whether high doses of vitamin C are helpful in reducing susceptibility to influenza?

Which of the following aspect of the study is considered a measure to maintain the uniformity of conditions of a quantitative study?

What should the nurse researcher consider when determining the feasibility of a research question?

Why should a nurse researcher want to limit or eliminate extraneous variables in a study?

Which of the following actions in a quantitative research study represents a measure to eliminate bias on the dependent variable?

When reviewing a research report,the nurse determines that all aspects of a study systematically and logically follow from the research problem.Which condition has been met?

How could a nurse researcher's use of a homogeneous sample weaken a research study?

A nurse researcher should consider mortality a threat to the study's internal validity for which of these reasons?

Which of the following techniques or actions represents constancy in data collection for control of extraneous variables in a study examining the effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone density loss in postmenopausal women?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Non-Experimental Designs

Sampling

Data Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters