Question 1

A nurse researcher has made a generalization on the basis of the experience of a small number of participants.What will the result of this be?

Accepted Answer

A)  Small samples invalidate hypotheses. 
B)  The researcher may be unable to eliminate his or her bias. 
C)  Data obtained from a small number may represent the phenomenon inadequately. 
D)  Small samples increase historical threats to internal validity. 
A)  Small samples invalidate hypotheses. 
B)  The researcher may be unable to eliminate his or her bias. 
C)  Data obtained from a small number may represent the phenomenon inadequately. 
D)  Small samples increase historical threats to internal validity. C

Question 2

Which of the following terms describes the process of obtaining the required number of participants by asking those people who are easiest to access?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selection bias 
B)  Convenience 
C)  Randomization 
D)  Internal reliability 
A)  Selection bias 
B)  Convenience 
C)  Randomization 
D)  Internal reliability B

Question 3

A nurse researcher should be particularly concerned about having a small sample size for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is increased risk of obtaining a nonrepresentative sample. 
B)  There is increased risk of a study participant interacting with another study participant. 
C)  There is increased potential for loss of confidentiality. 
D)  There is increased regression toward the mean. 
A)  There is increased risk of obtaining a nonrepresentative sample. 
B)  There is increased risk of a study participant interacting with another study participant. 
C)  There is increased potential for loss of confidentiality. 
D)  There is increased regression toward the mean. A

Question 4

Which of the following statements about inclusion and exclusion criteria is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  These criteria are not needed when the sample being studied is composed of events. 
B)  These criteria serve to ensure that the characteristics of the sample and the population are congruent. 
C)  Inclusion criteria are used to define independent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables. 
D)  Inclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define independent variables. 
A)  These criteria are not needed when the sample being studied is composed of events. 
B)  These criteria serve to ensure that the characteristics of the sample and the population are congruent. 
C)  Inclusion criteria are used to define independent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables. 
D)  Inclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define independent variables.

Question 5

What are types of nonprobability of sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purposive 
B)  Quota 
C)  Stratified random 
D)  Multistage (cluster) 
E)  Convenience 
A)  Purposive 
B)  Quota 
C)  Stratified random 
D)  Multistage (cluster) 
E)  Convenience

Question 6

The nurse researcher is attempting to develop a purposive sampling strategy as part of a research study.What criteria will be used to determine whether the strategy is purposive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Validation of scale with a known-group technique 
B)  Focus of study population relates to specific diagnosis 
C)  Focus of study population relates to broad, general topic 
D)  Effective posttesting of instruments 
E)  Collection of exploratory data
F) Collection of descriptive data 
A)  Validation of scale with a known-group technique 
B)  Focus of study population relates to specific diagnosis 
C)  Focus of study population relates to broad, general topic 
D)  Effective posttesting of instruments 
E)  Collection of exploratory data
F) Collection of descriptive data

Question 7

What process is employed when a researcher accrues a sample of participants by using the word-of-mouth approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Referral 
B)  Networking 
C)  Recruitment 
D)  Quasiprobability 
A)  Referral 
B)  Networking 
C)  Recruitment 
D)  Quasiprobability

Question 8

The nurse researcher knows that a sample is representative of a population when which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sample is homogeneous. 
B)  All units of a population are included. 
C)  The most readily accessible persons are used as participants. 
D)  The characteristics of the sample closely approximate those of the population. 
A)  The sample is homogeneous. 
B)  All units of a population are included. 
C)  The most readily accessible persons are used as participants. 
D)  The characteristics of the sample closely approximate those of the population.

Question 9

A nurse researcher opts to use a stratified sample in a research study for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sample population is divided into subsets that are homogeneous for a particular trait or feature. 
B)  The sample population is divided into subsets for random assignment into an intervention or a usual-care group. 
C)  The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of type of treatment. 
D)  The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of treatment duration. 
A)  The sample population is divided into subsets that are homogeneous for a particular trait or feature. 
B)  The sample population is divided into subsets for random assignment into an intervention or a usual-care group. 
C)  The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of type of treatment. 
D)  The sample population is randomly assigned to a specific subgroup that will vary from the others on the basis of treatment duration.

Question 10

Which of the following sampling strategies has the greatest risk for sample bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Convenience 
A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Convenience

Question 11

Which type of sampling is most at risk for sample bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Convenience 
A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Convenience

Question 12

A nurse researcher would hesitate to use nonprobability sampling because

Accepted Answer

A)  it will result in reduced or limited generalizability. 
B)  informed consent must be obtained. 
C)  it will require large, unmanageable sample sizes. 
D)  sample sizes are too small for most methods of statistical analysis. 
A)  it will result in reduced or limited generalizability. 
B)  informed consent must be obtained. 
C)  it will require large, unmanageable sample sizes. 
D)  sample sizes are too small for most methods of statistical analysis.

Question 13

Which statement regarding sample size is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Studies with smaller sample sizes have more accurate results. 
B)  Studies with smaller sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population. 
C)  Studies with larger sample sizes have more accurate results. 
D)  Studies with larger sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population. 
A)  Studies with smaller sample sizes have more accurate results. 
B)  Studies with smaller sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population. 
C)  Studies with larger sample sizes have more accurate results. 
D)  Studies with larger sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.

Question 14

A study was conducted to determine whether head flattening in preterm infants was prevented by placing their heads on a water pillow.The first 50 preterm infants admitted to a newborn intensive care unit during a specific year were assigned to either a usual care group or a treatment group.What type of sampling strategy is represented by this research plan?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Stratified 
A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Stratified

Question 15

The nurse researcher is deciding on a sampling strategy for the research study.Which type(s)of strategies would be considered to be probability sampling strategies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Convenience 
B)  Quota 
C)  Simple random 
D)  Cluster 
E)  Purposive
F) Stratified random 
A)  Convenience 
B)  Quota 
C)  Simple random 
D)  Cluster 
E)  Purposive
F) Stratified random

Question 16

What is the major benefit of nonprobability sampling,as compared with probability sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not affect generalizability. 
B)  Informed consent must be obtained. 
C)  The necessary sample sizes are easier to obtain. 
D)  Sample sizes are too small for most methods of statistical analysis. 
A)  It does not affect generalizability. 
B)  Informed consent must be obtained. 
C)  The necessary sample sizes are easier to obtain. 
D)  Sample sizes are too small for most methods of statistical analysis.

Question 17

What question should a research consumer ask when evaluating the sample size in a research report?

Accepted Answer

A)  How many assistants were involved in data collection? 
B)  How representative is the sample relative to the target population? 
C)  How great is the outcome difference between or among study groups? 
D)  How many previous studies has the researcher conducted before on similar topics? 
A)  How many assistants were involved in data collection? 
B)  How representative is the sample relative to the target population? 
C)  How great is the outcome difference between or among study groups? 
D)  How many previous studies has the researcher conducted before on similar topics?

Question 18

At a teaching hospital,of the staff of 1,500 nurses,60% have a college diploma,and 21% have a BScN.The recruitment goal for a study was set at 1,000 nurses,with 600 in the college diploma group,210 in the BScN group,and 190 from any other type of nursing education.What type of sampling strategy is represented by this research plan?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Convenience 
A)  Quota 
B)  Random 
C)  Purposive 
D)  Convenience

Question 19

What is the primary characteristic of a probability sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-selection of participants 
B)  Random selection of the sample 
C)  Hand picking of participants by the researcher 
D)  Representation of proportional segments of the population 
A)  Self-selection of participants 
B)  Random selection of the sample 
C)  Hand picking of participants by the researcher 
D)  Representation of proportional segments of the population

Question 20

How should a nurse researcher expect a sample to differ from a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sample can be an object or an event; a population refers to individuals or groups of people. 
B)  A population has a broad set of defining characteristics, whereas a sample has a narrow set of defining characteristics. 
C)  A population is a representative segment of a defined sample. 
D)  A sample is a representative segment of a defined population. 
A)  A sample can be an object or an event; a population refers to individuals or groups of people. 
B)  A population has a broad set of defining characteristics, whereas a sample has a narrow set of defining characteristics. 
C)  A population is a representative segment of a defined sample. 
D)  A sample is a representative segment of a defined population.

A nurse researcher has made a generalization on the basis of the experience of a small number of participants.What will the result of this be?

Which of the following terms describes the process of obtaining the required number of participants by asking those people who are easiest to access?

A nurse researcher should be particularly concerned about having a small sample size for which reason?

Which of the following statements about inclusion and exclusion criteria is true?

What are types of nonprobability of sampling?

The nurse researcher is attempting to develop a purposive sampling strategy as part of a research study.What criteria will be used to determine whether the strategy is purposive?

What process is employed when a researcher accrues a sample of participants by using the word-of-mouth approach?

The nurse researcher knows that a sample is representative of a population when which statement is true?

A nurse researcher opts to use a stratified sample in a research study for which reason?

Which of the following sampling strategies has the greatest risk for sample bias?

Which type of sampling is most at risk for sample bias?

A nurse researcher would hesitate to use nonprobability sampling because

Which statement regarding sample size is most accurate?

The nurse researcher is deciding on a sampling strategy for the research study.Which type(s)of strategies would be considered to be probability sampling strategies?

What is the major benefit of nonprobability sampling,as compared with probability sampling?

What question should a research consumer ask when evaluating the sample size in a research report?

What is the primary characteristic of a probability sample?

How should a nurse researcher expect a sample to differ from a population?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Non-Experimental Designs

Data Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters

Exam 12: Sampling

A nurse researcher has made a generalization on the basis of the experience of a small number of participants.What will the result of this be?

Which of the following terms describes the process of obtaining the required number of participants by asking those people who are easiest to access?

A nurse researcher should be particularly concerned about having a small sample size for which reason?

Which of the following statements about inclusion and exclusion criteria is true?

What are types of nonprobability of sampling?

The nurse researcher is attempting to develop a purposive sampling strategy as part of a research study.What criteria will be used to determine whether the strategy is purposive?

What process is employed when a researcher accrues a sample of participants by using the word-of-mouth approach?

The nurse researcher knows that a sample is representative of a population when which statement is true?

A nurse researcher opts to use a stratified sample in a research study for which reason?

Which of the following sampling strategies has the greatest risk for sample bias?

Which type of sampling is most at risk for sample bias?

A nurse researcher would hesitate to use nonprobability sampling because

Which statement regarding sample size is most accurate?

The nurse researcher is deciding on a sampling strategy for the research study.Which type(s)of strategies would be considered to be probability sampling strategies?

What is the major benefit of nonprobability sampling,as compared with probability sampling?

What question should a research consumer ask when evaluating the sample size in a research report?

What is the primary characteristic of a probability sample?

How should a nurse researcher expect a sample to differ from a population?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Non-Experimental Designs

Data Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters