Question 1

Which of the following titles is most suggestive of a longitudinal study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Effect of Prenatal Parenting Classes on Maternal-Infant Bonding in the Early Postpartum Period 
B)  Change in Self-Esteem Over Time Among Women Participating in a Weight Loss Support Group 
C)  Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Successful Breastfeeding at 1 Month After Birth 
D)  Women's Appraisal of the Diagnosis Within the First 48 Hours After Initial Diagnosis of Breast Cancer 
A)  Effect of Prenatal Parenting Classes on Maternal-Infant Bonding in the Early Postpartum Period 
B)  Change in Self-Esteem Over Time Among Women Participating in a Weight Loss Support Group 
C)  Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Successful Breastfeeding at 1 Month After Birth 
D)  Women's Appraisal of the Diagnosis Within the First 48 Hours After Initial Diagnosis of Breast Cancer B

Question 2

Why would a nurse researcher choose to use a correlational design for a nonexperimental study?

Accepted Answer

A)  It represents an efficient and effective method of collecting a large amount of data about a problem. 
B)  Many questionnaires and instruments are already developed and have been determined to be valid and reliable. 
C)  Generalizability is greater than for results of studies using experimental designs. 
D)  It allows flexibility in the manipulation of more than one variable. 
A)  It represents an efficient and effective method of collecting a large amount of data about a problem. 
B)  Many questionnaires and instruments are already developed and have been determined to be valid and reliable. 
C)  Generalizability is greater than for results of studies using experimental designs. 
D)  It allows flexibility in the manipulation of more than one variable. A

Question 3

Which types of research designs are considered to be survey studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Developmental 
E)  Comparative
F) Cross-sectional 
A)  Descriptive 
B)  Exploratory 
C)  Correlational 
D)  Developmental 
E)  Comparative
F) Cross-sectional A,B,E

Question 4

Advantages to use of correlational design for a study include what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Efficiency and effectiveness in data collection 
B)  Flexibility for investigating complex relationships 
C)  Multivariate manipulation of variables 
D)  Strong potential for clinical (real-world) application 
E)  Increased potential for generalizability 
A)  Efficiency and effectiveness in data collection 
B)  Flexibility for investigating complex relationships 
C)  Multivariate manipulation of variables 
D)  Strong potential for clinical (real-world) application 
E)  Increased potential for generalizability

Question 5

What is the first question that should be asked in determining whether an experimental design or a nonexperimental design should be used in a quantitative study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is there an independent variable? 
B)  What is the nature of the problem being studied? 
C)  Will a measurement tool or instrument be needed? 
D)  Can statistical analysis be applied to the study data? 
A)  Is there an independent variable? 
B)  What is the nature of the problem being studied? 
C)  Will a measurement tool or instrument be needed? 
D)  Can statistical analysis be applied to the study data?

Question 6

How is an ex post facto design more advantageous than a correlational design?

Accepted Answer

A)  This design is easier to carry out. 
B)  The independent variable can be manipulated in this design. 
C)  A greater degree of control is possible with this design. 
D)  This design offers increased flexibility when the relationships among the variables in the study are complex. 
A)  This design is easier to carry out. 
B)  The independent variable can be manipulated in this design. 
C)  A greater degree of control is possible with this design. 
D)  This design offers increased flexibility when the relationships among the variables in the study are complex.

Question 7

Which types of research designs are considered to be developmental studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Comparative 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Longitudinal 
E)  Prospective
F) Cohort
G) Descriptive 
A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Comparative 
C)  Exploratory 
D)  Longitudinal 
E)  Prospective
F) Cohort
G) Descriptive

Question 8

When should a descriptive or exploratory design be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  When expanding the results of a qualitative study 
B)  When direct contact with potential participants is not possible 
C)  When little is known about a particular participant or phenomenon 
D)  When issues of cause and effect in a situation have already been determined 
A)  When expanding the results of a qualitative study 
B)  When direct contact with potential participants is not possible 
C)  When little is known about a particular participant or phenomenon 
D)  When issues of cause and effect in a situation have already been determined

Question 9

A nurse researcher would decide to use a retrospective or ex post facto study for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obtaining informed consent is not an important issue. 
B)  There is maximal opportunity to manipulate the independent variable. 
C)  The dependent variable is measured at multiple times to examine maturation. 
D)  The dependent variable has already been affected by the independent variable. 
A)  Obtaining informed consent is not an important issue. 
B)  There is maximal opportunity to manipulate the independent variable. 
C)  The dependent variable is measured at multiple times to examine maturation. 
D)  The dependent variable has already been affected by the independent variable.

Question 10

Which of the following titles suggests a descriptive study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Characterization of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy 
B)  The Lived Experience of Liver Transplantation Among Older Caucasian Men 
C)  Effect of Virtual Reality as a Distraction Intervention on Adolescents Undergoing Chemotherapy 
D)  Correlation Between Current Income Level and Self-Esteem Among Recently Widowed Women 
A)  Characterization of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy 
B)  The Lived Experience of Liver Transplantation Among Older Caucasian Men 
C)  Effect of Virtual Reality as a Distraction Intervention on Adolescents Undergoing Chemotherapy 
D)  Correlation Between Current Income Level and Self-Esteem Among Recently Widowed Women

Question 11

Which of the following statements about cross-sectional studies is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  More than one group can be compared. 
B)  Only descriptive data can be measured. 
C)  Data are collected retrospectively, rather than prospectively. 
D)  Data collection and data analysis can occur simultaneously. 
A)  More than one group can be compared. 
B)  Only descriptive data can be measured. 
C)  Data are collected retrospectively, rather than prospectively. 
D)  Data collection and data analysis can occur simultaneously.

Question 12

In which study design do participants serve as their own controls,allowing early trends in the data to emerge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Ex post facto 
C)  Retrospective 
D)  Longitudinal 
A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Ex post facto 
C)  Retrospective 
D)  Longitudinal

Question 13

Why would a nurse researcher choose not to use a survey study design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Data analysis is limited with a survey design. 
B)  Information collected is relatively superficial. 
C)  Results are never applicable beyond the study population. 
D)  More participants are required to reach statistical significance than for other study designs. 
A)  Data analysis is limited with a survey design. 
B)  Information collected is relatively superficial. 
C)  Results are never applicable beyond the study population. 
D)  More participants are required to reach statistical significance than for other study designs.

Question 14

In a study of psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer,data collection instruments were sent to the same sample of women at six different times during their first year of living with breast cancer.What type of study design does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Retrospective 
C)  Longitudinal 
D)  Correlational 
A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Retrospective 
C)  Longitudinal 
D)  Correlational

Question 15

The longitudinal study and the prospective study are similar for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each moves forward in time. 
B)  Each has an experimental focus. 
C)  Each is able to establish causal relationships. 
D)  Each selects different samples from the same population at various periods of time. 
A)  Each moves forward in time. 
B)  Each has an experimental focus. 
C)  Each is able to establish causal relationships. 
D)  Each selects different samples from the same population at various periods of time.

Question 16

Which of the following types of design would be appropriate to forecast the effects of psychoeducational interventions on psychological adaptation of women diagnosed with breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Correlational 
B)  Prediction 
C)  Descriptive 
D)  Ex post facto 
A)  Correlational 
B)  Prediction 
C)  Descriptive 
D)  Ex post facto

Question 17

What study type is indicated by data collection at only one point in time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Retrospective 
C)  Longitudinal 
D)  Prospective 
A)  Cross-sectional 
B)  Retrospective 
C)  Longitudinal 
D)  Prospective

Question 18

If no hypothesis is present in a study,does this indicate a weakness in the study? Why,or why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is not a weakness, as the study can be descriptive. 
B)  This is not a weakness, if the study is quasi-experimental. 
C)  This is a weakness, as the study is descriptive. 
D)  This is not a weakness, as the study can be quasi-experimental. 
A)  This is not a weakness, as the study can be descriptive. 
B)  This is not a weakness, if the study is quasi-experimental. 
C)  This is a weakness, as the study is descriptive. 
D)  This is not a weakness, as the study can be quasi-experimental.

Question 19

Which of the following would be used to assess whether mental health patients who received cognitive-behavioural therapy via smart phones remain out of hospitals for longer periods of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional survey 
B)  Longitudinal, comparative survey 
C)  Predictive, statistical survey 
D)  Causative, correlational survey 
A)  Cross-sectional survey 
B)  Longitudinal, comparative survey 
C)  Predictive, statistical survey 
D)  Causative, correlational survey

Question 20

Which of the following is an advantage of research studies that examine the association or relationships between variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ability to determine a causal relationship 
B)  Possibility for greater manipulation of the variables 
C)  Randomization of participants that allows for increased generalizability 
D)  Potential for application in clinical settings and establishment of a foundation for future experimental studies. 
A)  Ability to determine a causal relationship 
B)  Possibility for greater manipulation of the variables 
C)  Randomization of participants that allows for increased generalizability 
D)  Potential for application in clinical settings and establishment of a foundation for future experimental studies.

Which of the following titles is most suggestive of a longitudinal study?

Why would a nurse researcher choose to use a correlational design for a nonexperimental study?

Which types of research designs are considered to be survey studies?

Advantages to use of correlational design for a study include what?

What is the first question that should be asked in determining whether an experimental design or a nonexperimental design should be used in a quantitative study?

How is an ex post facto design more advantageous than a correlational design?

Which types of research designs are considered to be developmental studies?

When should a descriptive or exploratory design be used?

A nurse researcher would decide to use a retrospective or ex post facto study for which reason?

Which of the following titles suggests a descriptive study?

Which of the following statements about cross-sectional studies is most accurate?

In which study design do participants serve as their own controls,allowing early trends in the data to emerge?

Why would a nurse researcher choose not to use a survey study design?

In a study of psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer,data collection instruments were sent to the same sample of women at six different times during their first year of living with breast cancer.What type of study design does this exemplify?

The longitudinal study and the prospective study are similar for which reason?

Which of the following types of design would be appropriate to forecast the effects of psychoeducational interventions on psychological adaptation of women diagnosed with breast cancer?

What study type is indicated by data collection at only one point in time?

If no hypothesis is present in a study,does this indicate a weakness in the study? Why,or why not?

Which of the following would be used to assess whether mental health patients who received cognitive-behavioural therapy via smart phones remain out of hospitals for longer periods of time?

Which of the following is an advantage of research studies that examine the association or relationships between variables?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

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Exam 11: Non-Experimental Designs

Which of the following titles is most suggestive of a longitudinal study?

Why would a nurse researcher choose to use a correlational design for a nonexperimental study?

Which types of research designs are considered to be survey studies?

Advantages to use of correlational design for a study include what?

What is the first question that should be asked in determining whether an experimental design or a nonexperimental design should be used in a quantitative study?

How is an ex post facto design more advantageous than a correlational design?

Which types of research designs are considered to be developmental studies?

When should a descriptive or exploratory design be used?

A nurse researcher would decide to use a retrospective or ex post facto study for which reason?

Which of the following titles suggests a descriptive study?

Which of the following statements about cross-sectional studies is most accurate?

In which study design do participants serve as their own controls,allowing early trends in the data to emerge?

Why would a nurse researcher choose not to use a survey study design?

In a study of psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer,data collection instruments were sent to the same sample of women at six different times during their first year of living with breast cancer.What type of study design does this exemplify?

The longitudinal study and the prospective study are similar for which reason?

Which of the following types of design would be appropriate to forecast the effects of psychoeducational interventions on psychological adaptation of women diagnosed with breast cancer?

What study type is indicated by data collection at only one point in time?

If no hypothesis is present in a study,does this indicate a weakness in the study? Why,or why not?

Which of the following would be used to assess whether mental health patients who received cognitive-behavioural therapy via smart phones remain out of hospitals for longer periods of time?

Which of the following is an advantage of research studies that examine the association or relationships between variables?

The Role of Research in Nursing

Theoretical Framework

Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process

Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions

Finding and Appraising the Literature

Legal and Ethical Issues

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Qualitative Approaches to Research

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs

Sampling

Data Collection Methods

Rigour in Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Presenting the Findings

Critiquing Qualitative Research

Critiquing Quantitative Research

Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice

Filters