Question 1

The patient is admitted with acute kidney injury from a postrenal cause.Acceptable treatments for that diagnosis include:

Accepted Answer

A)  bladder catheterization. 
B)  increasing fluid volume intake. 
C)  ureteral stenting. 
D)  placement of nephrostomy tubes. 
E)  increasing cardiac output. 
A)  bladder catheterization. 
B)  increasing fluid volume intake. 
C)  ureteral stenting. 
D)  placement of nephrostomy tubes. 
E)  increasing cardiac output.

Question 2

A normal glomerular filtration rate is

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 80 mL/min. 
B)  80 to 125 mL/min. 
C)  125 to 180 mL/min. 
D)  more than 189 mL/min. 
A)  less than 80 mL/min. 
B)  80 to 125 mL/min. 
C)  125 to 180 mL/min. 
D)  more than 189 mL/min.

Question 3

The patient has been admitted to the hospital with nausea and vomiting that started 5 days earlier.Blood pressure is 80/44 mm Hg and heart rate is 122 beats/min; the patient has not voided in 8 hours,and the bladder is not distended.The nurse anticipates a prescription for "stat" administration of

Accepted Answer

A)  a blood transfusion. 
B)  fluid replacement with 0.45% saline. 
C)  infusion of an inotropic agent. 
D)  an antiemetic. 
A)  a blood transfusion. 
B)  fluid replacement with 0.45% saline. 
C)  infusion of an inotropic agent. 
D)  an antiemetic.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis.The patient suddenly complains of abdominal pain and chills.The patient's temperature is elevated.The nurse should

Accepted Answer

A)  assess peritoneal dialysate return. 
B)  check the patient's blood sugar. 
C)  evaluate the patient's neurological status. 
D)  inform the provider of probable visceral perforation. 
A)  assess peritoneal dialysate return. 
B)  check the patient's blood sugar. 
C)  evaluate the patient's neurological status. 
D)  inform the provider of probable visceral perforation.

Question 5

Slow continuous ultrafiltration is also known as isolated ultrafiltration and is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove plasma water in cases of volume overload. 
B)  remove fluids and solutes through the process of convection. 
C)  remove plasma water and solutes by adding dialysate. 
D)  combine ultrafiltration, convection, and dialysis. 
A)  remove plasma water in cases of volume overload. 
B)  remove fluids and solutes through the process of convection. 
C)  remove plasma water and solutes by adding dialysate. 
D)  combine ultrafiltration, convection, and dialysis.

Question 6

The most common reasons for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acidosis 
B)  Hypokalemia 
C)  Volume overload 
D)  Hyperkalemia 
E)  Uremia 
A)  Acidosis 
B)  Hypokalemia 
C)  Volume overload 
D)  Hyperkalemia 
E)  Uremia

Question 7

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove fluids and solutes through the process of convection. 
B)  remove plasma water in cases of volume overload. 
C)  remove plasma water and solutes by adding dialysate. 
D)  combine ultrafiltration, convection, and dialysis. 
A)  remove fluids and solutes through the process of convection. 
B)  remove plasma water in cases of volume overload. 
C)  remove plasma water and solutes by adding dialysate. 
D)  combine ultrafiltration, convection, and dialysis.

Question 8

The patient has just returned from having an arteriovenous fistula placed.The patient asks,"When will they be able to use this and take this other catheter out?" The nurse should reply,

Accepted Answer

A)  "It can be used immediately, so the catheter can come out anytime." 
B)  "It will take 2 to 4 weeks to heal before it can be used." 
C)  "The fistula will be usable in about 4 to 6 weeks." 
D)  "The fistula was made using graft material, so it depends on the manufacturer." 
A)  "It can be used immediately, so the catheter can come out anytime." 
B)  "It will take 2 to 4 weeks to heal before it can be used." 
C)  "The fistula will be usable in about 4 to 6 weeks." 
D)  "The fistula was made using graft material, so it depends on the manufacturer."

Question 9

Peritoneal dialysis is different from hemodialysis in that peritoneal dialysis

Accepted Answer

A)  is more frequently used for acute kidney injury. 
B)  uses the patient's own semipermeable membrane (peritoneal membrane). 
C)  is not useful in cases of drug overdose or electrolyte imbalance. 
D)  is not indicated in cases of water intoxication. 
A)  is more frequently used for acute kidney injury. 
B)  uses the patient's own semipermeable membrane (peritoneal membrane). 
C)  is not useful in cases of drug overdose or electrolyte imbalance. 
D)  is not indicated in cases of water intoxication.

Question 10

The nurse is assessing a patient with a new arteriovenous fistula,but does not hear a bruit or feel a thrill.Pulses distal to the fistula are not palpable.The nurse should

Accepted Answer

A)  reassess the patient in an hour. 
B)  raise the arm above the level of the patient's heart. 
C)  notify the provider immediately. 
D)  apply warm packs to the fistula site and reassess. 
A)  reassess the patient in an hour. 
B)  raise the arm above the level of the patient's heart. 
C)  notify the provider immediately. 
D)  apply warm packs to the fistula site and reassess.

Question 11

An advantage of peritoneal dialysis is that

Accepted Answer

A)  peritoneal dialysis is time intensive. 
B)  a decreased risk of peritonitis exists. 
C)  biochemical disturbances are corrected rapidly. 
D)  the danger of hemorrhage is minimal. 
A)  peritoneal dialysis is time intensive. 
B)  a decreased risk of peritonitis exists. 
C)  biochemical disturbances are corrected rapidly. 
D)  the danger of hemorrhage is minimal.

Question 12

Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk of developing acute kidney injury? A patient who

Accepted Answer

A)  has been on aminoglycosides for the past 6 days 
B)  has a history of controlled hypertension with a blood pressure of 138/88 mm Hg 
C)  was discharged 2 weeks earlier after aminoglycoside therapy of 2 weeks 
D)  has a history of fluid overload as a result of heart failure 
A)  has been on aminoglycosides for the past 6 days 
B)  has a history of controlled hypertension with a blood pressure of 138/88 mm Hg 
C)  was discharged 2 weeks earlier after aminoglycoside therapy of 2 weeks 
D)  has a history of fluid overload as a result of heart failure

Question 13

The critical care nurse knows that in critically ill patients,renal dysfunction

Accepted Answer

A)  is a very rare problem. 
B)  affects nearly two thirds of patients. 
C)  has a low mortality rate once renal replacement therapy has been initiated. 
D)  has little effect on morbidity, mortality, or quality of life. 
A)  is a very rare problem. 
B)  affects nearly two thirds of patients. 
C)  has a low mortality rate once renal replacement therapy has been initiated. 
D)  has little effect on morbidity, mortality, or quality of life.

Question 14

A normal urine output is considered to be

Accepted Answer

A)  80 to 125 mL/min. 
B)  180 L/day. 
C)  80 mL/min. 
D)  1 to 2 L/day. 
A)  80 to 125 mL/min. 
B)  180 L/day. 
C)  80 mL/min. 
D)  1 to 2 L/day.

Question 15

The patient is on intake and output (I&O),as well as daily weights.The nurse notes that output is considerably less than intake over the last shift,and daily weight is 1 kg more than yesterday.The nurse should

Accepted Answer

A)  draw a trough level after the next dose of antibiotic. 
B)  obtain an order to place the patient on fluid restriction. 
C)  assess the patient's lungs. 
D)  insert an indwelling catheter. 
A)  draw a trough level after the next dose of antibiotic. 
B)  obtain an order to place the patient on fluid restriction. 
C)  assess the patient's lungs. 
D)  insert an indwelling catheter.

Question 16

The patient is admitted to the unit with the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis.The patient is started on intravenous (IV)fluids and IV mannitol.What action by the nurse is best?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assess the patient's hearing. 
B)  Assess the patient's lungs. 
C)  Decrease IV fluids once the diuretic has been administered. 
D)  Give extra doses before giving radiological contrast agents. 
A)  Assess the patient's hearing. 
B)  Assess the patient's lungs. 
C)  Decrease IV fluids once the diuretic has been administered. 
D)  Give extra doses before giving radiological contrast agents.

Question 17

The most common cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients is

Accepted Answer

A)  sepsis. 
B)  fluid overload. 
C)  medications. 
D)  hemodynamic instability. 
A)  sepsis. 
B)  fluid overload. 
C)  medications. 
D)  hemodynamic instability.

Question 18

The patient has a temporary percutaneous catheter in place for treatment of acute kidney injury.The catheter has been in place for 5 days.The nurse should

Accepted Answer

A)  prepare to assist with a routine dialysis catheter change. 
B)  evaluate the patient for signs and symptoms of infection. 
C)  teach the patient that the catheter is designed for long-term use. 
D)  use one of the three lumens for fluid administration. 
A)  prepare to assist with a routine dialysis catheter change. 
B)  evaluate the patient for signs and symptoms of infection. 
C)  teach the patient that the catheter is designed for long-term use. 
D)  use one of the three lumens for fluid administration.

Question 19

Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by

Accepted Answer

A)  activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade. 
B)  suppressing angiotensin production. 
C)  decreasing sodium reabsorption. 
D)  inhibiting aldosterone release. 
A)  activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade. 
B)  suppressing angiotensin production. 
C)  decreasing sodium reabsorption. 
D)  inhibiting aldosterone release.

Question 20

In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)or creatinine clearance,a 24-hour urine is obtained.If a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible,

Accepted Answer

A)  it is not possible to determine the GFR. 
B)  the BUN may be used to determine renal function. 
C)  an elevated BUN/creatinine ratio can be used. 
D)  a standardized formula may be used to calculate GFR. 
A)  it is not possible to determine the GFR. 
B)  the BUN may be used to determine renal function. 
C)  an elevated BUN/creatinine ratio can be used. 
D)  a standardized formula may be used to calculate GFR.

Exam 16: Acute Kidney Injury

The patient is admitted with acute kidney injury from a postrenal cause.Acceptable treatments for that diagnosis include:

A normal glomerular filtration rate is

The patient has been admitted to the hospital with nausea and vomiting that started 5 days earlier.Blood pressure is 80/44 mm Hg and heart rate is 122 beats/min; the patient has not voided in 8 hours,and the bladder is not distended.The nurse anticipates a prescription for "stat" administration of

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis.The patient suddenly complains of abdominal pain and chills.The patient's temperature is elevated.The nurse should

Slow continuous ultrafiltration is also known as isolated ultrafiltration and is used to

The most common reasons for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury include which of the following?

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration is used to

The patient has just returned from having an arteriovenous fistula placed.The patient asks,"When will they be able to use this and take this other catheter out?" The nurse should reply,

Peritoneal dialysis is different from hemodialysis in that peritoneal dialysis

The nurse is assessing a patient with a new arteriovenous fistula,but does not hear a bruit or feel a thrill.Pulses distal to the fistula are not palpable.The nurse should

An advantage of peritoneal dialysis is that

Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk of developing acute kidney injury? A patient who

The critical care nurse knows that in critically ill patients,renal dysfunction

A normal urine output is considered to be

The patient is on intake and output (I&O),as well as daily weights.The nurse notes that output is considerably less than intake over the last shift,and daily weight is 1 kg more than yesterday.The nurse should

The patient is admitted to the unit with the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis.The patient is started on intravenous (IV)fluids and IV mannitol.What action by the nurse is best?

The most common cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients is

The patient has a temporary percutaneous catheter in place for treatment of acute kidney injury.The catheter has been in place for 5 days.The nurse should

Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by

In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)or creatinine clearance,a 24-hour urine is obtained.If a reliable 24-hour urine collection is not possible,

Overview of Critical Care Nursing

Patient and Family Response to the Critical Care Experience

Ethical and Legal Issues in Critical Care Nursing

End-Of-Life Care and Palliative Care in Critical Care Settings

Comfort and Sedation

Nutritional Support

Dysrhythmia Interpretation and Management

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Ventilatory Assistance

Rapid Response Teams and Code Management

Organ Donation

Shock,sepsis,and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Cardiovascular Alterations

Nervous System Alterations

Acute Respiratory Failure

Hematological and Immune Disorders

Gastrointestinal Alterations

Endocrine Alterations

Trauma and Surgical Management

Burns

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