Question 1

Few genes in all organisms have common evolutionary roots.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Recommend what type of data should be collected and analyzed in a systems biology approach to investigate how a non-pathogenic bacterial strain becomes pathogenic.Describe what scientific fields and methods would be involved in your recommendation.

Accepted Answer

A systems biology approach integrates mu

Question 3

________ of prokaryotic genomes are now available in public databases.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dozens 
B)  Hundreds 
C)  Thousands 
D)  Millions 
A)  Dozens 
B)  Hundreds 
C)  Thousands 
D)  Millions

Question 4

Some virulence genes are carried on plasmids or lysogenic bacteriophages.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Genome assembly relies on

Accepted Answer

A)  accurate gene annotation. 
B)  overlap of a large numbers of short sequences. 
C)  codon bias. 
D)  systems biology. 
A)  accurate gene annotation. 
B)  overlap of a large numbers of short sequences. 
C)  codon bias. 
D)  systems biology.

Question 6

The largest cellular genomes belong to prokaryotes that are parasitic or pathogenic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Transcriptome analysis is useful in relation to genome analysis because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is NOT dependent on nucleic acid sequencing technology. 
B)  it results in amino acid sequence and is, thus, easier to analyze. 
C)  it analyzes RNA, thus it reveals which genes are expressed under different conditions. 
D)  it reveals interactions between molecules and, thus, provides more information than genome analysis. 
A)  it is NOT dependent on nucleic acid sequencing technology. 
B)  it results in amino acid sequence and is, thus, easier to analyze. 
C)  it analyzes RNA, thus it reveals which genes are expressed under different conditions. 
D)  it reveals interactions between molecules and, thus, provides more information than genome analysis.

Question 8

The key characteristic of third-generation sequencing is the ability to sequence single molecules of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The relative percentage of genes devoted to protein synthesis in small-genome organisms is high compared with that of large-genome organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Gene families are composed of homologous genes that have different evolutionary origins but the same function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Chloroplasts and mitochondria originated from ________ by a process known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria / chromosome reduction 
B)  plants / gene deletion 
C)  bacteria / endosymbiosis 
D)  plants / endosymbiosis 
A)  bacteria / chromosome reduction 
B)  plants / gene deletion 
C)  bacteria / endosymbiosis 
D)  plants / endosymbiosis

Question 12

Mobile DNA elements are more common in the genomes of

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea. 
B)  hyperthermophiles. 
C)  rapidly evolving species. 
D)  pathogens. 
A)  Archaea. 
B)  hyperthermophiles. 
C)  rapidly evolving species. 
D)  pathogens.

Question 13

Interpret the genomic content of mitochondria in relation to their evolution.How is mitochondrial evolution more complicated than expected?

Accepted Answer

Some mitochondria contain accessory plas

Question 14

Microarrays can be used to

Accepted Answer

A)  analyze global gene expression. 
B)  detect pathogens. 
C)  detect unwanted food additives or substitutes. 
D)  detect pathogens, analyze global gene expression, and detect unwanted food additives or substitutes. 
A)  analyze global gene expression. 
B)  detect pathogens. 
C)  detect unwanted food additives or substitutes. 
D)  detect pathogens, analyze global gene expression, and detect unwanted food additives or substitutes.

Question 15

Heterotrophs need only a few more genes than autotrophs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Horizontally transferred genes typically encode essential metabolic functions such as DNA replication,transcription,and translation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

You are interested in the minimum set of genes necessary for survival of a eukaryotic microorganism such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Design an experiment to systematically test which genes are essential for survival and which are not under high nutrient,aerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

The genome of S.cerevisiae can be either

Question 18

The very first DNA sequencing technology called the Sanger method relies on

Accepted Answer

A)  nanopore technology that separates DNA molecules based on charge differences. 
B)  the incorporation of dideoxynucleotides that terminate chain extension during DNA synthesis. 
C)  nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 
D)  the release of protons whenever a new nucleotide is added to a growing strand of DNA. 
A)  nanopore technology that separates DNA molecules based on charge differences. 
B)  the incorporation of dideoxynucleotides that terminate chain extension during DNA synthesis. 
C)  nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 
D)  the release of protons whenever a new nucleotide is added to a growing strand of DNA.

Question 19

The science that applies powerful computational tools to DNA and protein sequences for the purpose of analyzing,storing,and accessing the sequences for comparative purposes is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  metagenomics. 
B)  proteomics. 
C)  bioinformatics. 
D)  genomics. 
A)  metagenomics. 
B)  proteomics. 
C)  bioinformatics. 
D)  genomics.

Question 20

The most abundant genes in prokaryotic genomes are

Accepted Answer

A)  those involved in metabolism. 
B)  those involved in translation. 
C)  those involved in transport. 
D)  those involved in DNA replication. 
A)  those involved in metabolism. 
B)  those involved in translation. 
C)  those involved in transport. 
D)  those involved in DNA replication.

Exam 6: Microbial Genomics

Few genes in all organisms have common evolutionary roots.

Recommend what type of data should be collected and analyzed in a systems biology approach to investigate how a non-pathogenic bacterial strain becomes pathogenic.Describe what scientific fields and methods would be involved in your recommendation.

________ of prokaryotic genomes are now available in public databases.

Some virulence genes are carried on plasmids or lysogenic bacteriophages.

Genome assembly relies on

The largest cellular genomes belong to prokaryotes that are parasitic or pathogenic.

Transcriptome analysis is useful in relation to genome analysis because

The key characteristic of third-generation sequencing is the ability to sequence single molecules of DNA.

The relative percentage of genes devoted to protein synthesis in small-genome organisms is high compared with that of large-genome organisms.

Gene families are composed of homologous genes that have different evolutionary origins but the same function.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria originated from ________ by a process known as ________.

Mobile DNA elements are more common in the genomes of

Interpret the genomic content of mitochondria in relation to their evolution.How is mitochondrial evolution more complicated than expected?

Microarrays can be used to

Heterotrophs need only a few more genes than autotrophs.

Horizontally transferred genes typically encode essential metabolic functions such as DNA replication,transcription,and translation.

You are interested in the minimum set of genes necessary for survival of a eukaryotic microorganism such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Design an experiment to systematically test which genes are essential for survival and which are not under high nutrient,aerobic conditions.

The very first DNA sequencing technology called the Sanger method relies on

The science that applies powerful computational tools to DNA and protein sequences for the purpose of analyzing,storing,and accessing the sequences for comparative purposes is known as

The most abundant genes in prokaryotic genomes are

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

Chloroplasts and mitochondria originated from by a process known as .