Question 1

Regulation of an enzyme's activity occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  transcriptionally. 
B)  translationally. 
C)  posttranslationally. 
D)  at any point on the enzymatic production pathway. 
A)  transcriptionally. 
B)  translationally. 
C)  posttranslationally. 
D)  at any point on the enzymatic production pathway. C

Question 2

The actual residues in a DNA-binding protein that interacts with DNA usually correspond to each other according to the amino acids encoded by the DNA.For example,a DNA sequencing containing AGC-AGA-CAG which encodes for Ser-Arg-Gln would likely have a DNA-binding protein with Ser-Arg-Gln bind to it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

During a growth curve of Aliivibrio fischeri,when would you expect to see the strongest bioluminescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  lag phase 
B)  early to middle log phase 
C)  late log to early stationary phase 
D)  middle to late stationary phase 
A)  lag phase 
B)  early to middle log phase 
C)  late log to early stationary phase 
D)  middle to late stationary phase C

Question 4

Explain the sequence of events that would follow the transfer of an organism from a complex medium to a minimal medium.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should include the

Question 5

Transcriptional regulators bind most frequently at the ________ site of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  major groove 
B)  minor groove 
C)  histone complex 
D)  primary supercoil 
A)  major groove 
B)  minor groove 
C)  histone complex 
D)  primary supercoil

Question 6

Quorum sensing requires a strong gradient to be reached before the signaling molecules are transported into the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

How is transcription in Archaea controlled?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have mechanisms to control trans

Question 8

Multiple sigma factors are essential to induce the biosynthesis of endospores,all of which are encoded by genes,so a complex regulatory mechanism such as this likely has a higher chance of mutations leading to incorrect functioning compared to a simple repression mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)is involved in the global regulation of catabolic pathways in Escherichia coli,including the lac operon,and a low activity of adenylate cyclase that makes cAMP is suggestive of catabolite repression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Based on our understanding of the early stages of life,________ is/are thought to be one of the earliest forms of metabolic regulation that evolved.

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuation 
B)  feedback inhibition 
C)  riboswitches 
D)  transcription factors 
A)  attenuation 
B)  feedback inhibition 
C)  riboswitches 
D)  transcription factors

Question 11

Describe the function and the functional components of the maltose regulon system.

Accepted Answer

The textbook shows each component of the

Question 12

Once the regulatory proteins and effector molecules are made,the actual mechanisms for regulation rarely require net energy input.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A common structure for proteins that bind DNA is helix-turn-helix.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Post-translational regulation of an enzyme's activity,such as glutamine synthetase,can be finely controlled at varied levels due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the varied strengths metabolite-regulating compounds can have with the enzyme such as hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, and van der Waals attractions. 
B)  having multiple independently functional subunits. 
C)  the structural strength enzymes have once properly folded compared to short-lived and easily degradable transcripts during translational regulation. 
D)  weak chemical modifications of the enzyme rather than harsh protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions. 
A)  the varied strengths metabolite-regulating compounds can have with the enzyme such as hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, and van der Waals attractions. 
B)  having multiple independently functional subunits. 
C)  the structural strength enzymes have once properly folded compared to short-lived and easily degradable transcripts during translational regulation. 
D)  weak chemical modifications of the enzyme rather than harsh protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions.

Question 15

How could you identify potential riboswitches with bioinformatics tools?

Accepted Answer

A)  Advanced 3D modeling techniques of mRNA folding would be necessary because complementary nucleotide binding predictions would not be useful. 
B)  Locate short regions of an individual transcript with several complementary sites. 
C)  Identify homologous sRNAs in other organisms. 
D)  Identify several complementary mRNAs encoded in the genome. 
A)  Advanced 3D modeling techniques of mRNA folding would be necessary because complementary nucleotide binding predictions would not be useful. 
B)  Locate short regions of an individual transcript with several complementary sites. 
C)  Identify homologous sRNAs in other organisms. 
D)  Identify several complementary mRNAs encoded in the genome.

Question 16

Transcriptomics is a common approach to infer which metabolic pathways are actively functioning,but which regulation process can MOST significantly complicate or even abolish conclusions from this approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  activity of a catabolite repressor protein on multiple pathways 
B)  antisense RNA silencing 
C)  feedback inhibition with allosteric proteins 
D)  presence of corepressors and inducers which are molecules undetected by transcriptomics 
A)  activity of a catabolite repressor protein on multiple pathways 
B)  antisense RNA silencing 
C)  feedback inhibition with allosteric proteins 
D)  presence of corepressors and inducers which are molecules undetected by transcriptomics

Question 17

Explain the function of cAMP in catabolite repression.

Accepted Answer

Adenylate cyclase synthesizes the regula

Question 18

Which type of regulator(s)specifically bind to operator regions of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  activators 
B)  activators and inducers 
C)  repressors 
D)  repressors and corepressors 
A)  activators 
B)  activators and inducers 
C)  repressors 
D)  repressors and corepressors

Question 19

The biodegradation pathway for benzoate is likely to be subject to induction rather than repression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In catabolic repression,cells use the least abundant carbon source first.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Metabolic Regulation

Regulation of an enzyme's activity occurs

During a growth curve of Aliivibrio fischeri,when would you expect to see the strongest bioluminescence?

Explain the sequence of events that would follow the transfer of an organism from a complex medium to a minimal medium.

Transcriptional regulators bind most frequently at the ________ site of DNA.

Quorum sensing requires a strong gradient to be reached before the signaling molecules are transported into the cytoplasm.

How is transcription in Archaea controlled?

Multiple sigma factors are essential to induce the biosynthesis of endospores,all of which are encoded by genes,so a complex regulatory mechanism such as this likely has a higher chance of mutations leading to incorrect functioning compared to a simple repression mechanism.

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)is involved in the global regulation of catabolic pathways in Escherichia coli,including the lac operon,and a low activity of adenylate cyclase that makes cAMP is suggestive of catabolite repression.

Based on our understanding of the early stages of life,________ is/are thought to be one of the earliest forms of metabolic regulation that evolved.

Describe the function and the functional components of the maltose regulon system.

Once the regulatory proteins and effector molecules are made,the actual mechanisms for regulation rarely require net energy input.

A common structure for proteins that bind DNA is helix-turn-helix.

Post-translational regulation of an enzyme's activity,such as glutamine synthetase,can be finely controlled at varied levels due to

How could you identify potential riboswitches with bioinformatics tools?

Transcriptomics is a common approach to infer which metabolic pathways are actively functioning,but which regulation process can MOST significantly complicate or even abolish conclusions from this approach?

Explain the function of cAMP in catabolite repression.

Which type of regulator(s)specifically bind to operator regions of DNA?

The biodegradation pathway for benzoate is likely to be subject to induction rather than repression.

In catabolic repression,cells use the least abundant carbon source first.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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