Question 1

Phosphorylation of ________ regulates which direction a flagellum rotates,thus controlling whether an organism runs or tumbles.

Accepted Answer

A)  CheAW 
B)  CheB 
C)  CheY 
D)  CheZ 
A)  CheAW 
B)  CheB 
C)  CheY 
D)  CheZ

Question 2

Depending on the type of regulatory mechanism,activators and repressors can bind to operator regions which control transcription.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Enzyme induction occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  when the substrate is present. 
B)  when the organism is environmentally stressed. 
C)  continuously. 
D)  when the substrate is depleted. 
A)  when the substrate is present. 
B)  when the organism is environmentally stressed. 
C)  continuously. 
D)  when the substrate is depleted.

Question 4

Short regions at the beginning and end of gene sequences are not translated into proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A protein region with a specific function and structure is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  conserved site. 
B)  domain. 
C)  locale. 
D)  motif. 
A)  conserved site. 
B)  domain. 
C)  locale. 
D)  motif.

Question 6

Some proteins that bind to DNA block transcription,whereas other proteins can activate transcription.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Compare and contrast chemical,spatial,and temporal gradients as found in bacterial regulatory systems.

Accepted Answer

Bacteria cannot sense spatial gradients

Question 8

A bacterium that either partially or fully catabolizes an acyl-homoserine lactone will likely disrupt

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuation. 
B)  chemotaxis. 
C)  endospore formation. 
D)  quorum sensing. 
A)  attenuation. 
B)  chemotaxis. 
C)  endospore formation. 
D)  quorum sensing.

Question 9

To be most sensitive to a repellant,a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein must be ________ methylated to initiate a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fully / run 
B)  fully / tumble 
C)  not / run 
D)  not / tumble 
A)  fully / run 
B)  fully / tumble 
C)  not / run 
D)  not / tumble

Question 10

Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic regulation of gene expression.

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation

Question 11

A two-component regulatory system usually involves both the sensor and response proteins being subject to phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Small molecules usually act directly (rather than indirectly)in regulating transcription.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Studying the transcriptional activity of flagellar genes would not likely reveal differential changes when the cells are actively motile compared to nonmotile activity,because a two-component regulatory system is sufficient to control flagellar activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In Bacteria,sensor kinases that respond to extracellular signals transfer this signal to the cytoplasmic machinery by typically phosphorylating the ________ residues.

Accepted Answer

A)  histidine 
B)  serine 
C)  threonine 
D)  tyrosine 
A)  histidine 
B)  serine 
C)  threonine 
D)  tyrosine

Question 15

DNA-binding proteins typically affect translation of a protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Defend why is it unsurprising that two-component regulatory systems are all but absent in bacteria that live at the expense of a host?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but a possible explana

Question 17

Which organism would likely harbor the MOST two-component regulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  an archaeon living in an extreme environment 
B)  a bacterium occupying a heterogeneous niche will high nutrient mixing 
C)  an organism capable of quorum sensing 
D)  a parasitic bacterium living inside another organism 
A)  an archaeon living in an extreme environment 
B)  a bacterium occupying a heterogeneous niche will high nutrient mixing 
C)  an organism capable of quorum sensing 
D)  a parasitic bacterium living inside another organism

Question 18

Which of the following IS a characteristic of an isoenzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  More than one enzyme is regulated by the same mechanism. 
B)  The same reaction can be catalyzed by multiple enzyme variants. 
C)  Multiple binding sites on the same enzyme enable multiple regulation mechanisms. 
D)  More than one gene makes the same enzyme. 
A)  More than one enzyme is regulated by the same mechanism. 
B)  The same reaction can be catalyzed by multiple enzyme variants. 
C)  Multiple binding sites on the same enzyme enable multiple regulation mechanisms. 
D)  More than one gene makes the same enzyme.

Question 19

What are the primary regulator units that control endospore formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  allosteric proteins 
B)  antisense RNAs 
C)  riboswitches 
D)  sigma factors 
A)  allosteric proteins 
B)  antisense RNAs 
C)  riboswitches 
D)  sigma factors

Question 20

Regulatory proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  are influenced by small molecules. 
B)  bind to specific DNA sites. 
C)  regulate transcription. 
D)  regulate transcription, bind specific DNA sites, and can be influenced by small molecules. 
A)  are influenced by small molecules. 
B)  bind to specific DNA sites. 
C)  regulate transcription. 
D)  regulate transcription, bind specific DNA sites, and can be influenced by small molecules.

Exam 7: Metabolic Regulation

Phosphorylation of ________ regulates which direction a flagellum rotates,thus controlling whether an organism runs or tumbles.

Depending on the type of regulatory mechanism,activators and repressors can bind to operator regions which control transcription.

Enzyme induction occurs

Short regions at the beginning and end of gene sequences are not translated into proteins.

A protein region with a specific function and structure is called a

Some proteins that bind to DNA block transcription,whereas other proteins can activate transcription.

Compare and contrast chemical,spatial,and temporal gradients as found in bacterial regulatory systems.

A bacterium that either partially or fully catabolizes an acyl-homoserine lactone will likely disrupt

To be most sensitive to a repellant,a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein must be ________ methylated to initiate a ________.

Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic regulation of gene expression.

A two-component regulatory system usually involves both the sensor and response proteins being subject to phosphorylation.

Small molecules usually act directly (rather than indirectly)in regulating transcription.

Studying the transcriptional activity of flagellar genes would not likely reveal differential changes when the cells are actively motile compared to nonmotile activity,because a two-component regulatory system is sufficient to control flagellar activity.

In Bacteria,sensor kinases that respond to extracellular signals transfer this signal to the cytoplasmic machinery by typically phosphorylating the ________ residues.

DNA-binding proteins typically affect translation of a protein.

Defend why is it unsurprising that two-component regulatory systems are all but absent in bacteria that live at the expense of a host?

Which organism would likely harbor the MOST two-component regulatory systems?

Which of the following IS a characteristic of an isoenzyme?

What are the primary regulator units that control endospore formation?

Regulatory proteins

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

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Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

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Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

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Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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To be most sensitive to a repellant,a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein must be methylated to initiate a .