Exam 16: The Digestive System

The swallowing center triggers a secondary peristaltic wave that sweeps from the beginning to the end of the pharynx.​

What are the four basic digestive processes?

Sensory neurons called intrinsic primary __________ neurons respond to specific local stimuli in the digestive tract.

Located throughout the layers of the muscularis externa are pacemaker cells known as the ______.

The plasma membranes of the digestive system's effector cells have receptor proteins that bind with and respond to GI hormones,neurotransmitters,and local chemical mediators.​

What are the three phases of gastric secretion?​

What must be combined with vitamin B₁₂ for it to be absorbed in the small intestine?​

A cross section of the digestive tube reveals four major tissue layers: (from the innermost layer outward)the mucosa,the __________,the muscularis externa,and the __________.

What endocrine tissue secretes insulin and glucagon?​

What are the main constituents of bile?​

The cells that secrete gastric juice are located in the gastric mucosa,which is divided into two distinct areas: the __________ mucosa and the __________ gland area.

The parietal (or oxyntic)cells secrete __________ and __________.​

The large intestine consists of three separate,conspicuous,longitudinal bands of muscle called the __________,which run the length of the large intestine.

Bilirubin is the primary bile pigment derived from the breakdown of worn-out red blood cells.​

What are housed within the side walls of the pharynx?​

What is the reflex called that involves gastrin secretion in response to the presence of chyme in the stomach?​

The major force for expulsion of stomach contents during vomiting comes from contraction of the __________ muscles and the __________.

Flatus is derived from two sources: swallowed air and gas produced by protein digestion.​

When food enters the stomach,mass movements are triggered in the colon primarily by the __________ reflex.​

The only liver function not accomplished by hepatocytes is the phagocytic activity carried out by the resident macrophages,which are known as __________ cells.