Exam 14: The Urinary System

The micturition reflex is initiated when stretch receptors within the urethra are stimulated.

Bladder smooth muscle is richly supplied by parasympathetic fibers,stimulation of which causes bladder contraction.

The passive reabsorption of urea is indirectly linked to the active reabsorption of:​

What does micturition mean?​

How is glucose reabsorbed in the tubules?

Sodium is reabsorbed throughout the tubule with the exception of the:​

What are the two major control mechanisms that regulate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?​

What happens when the hydrogen ion concentration in the body fluids is too low?​

Potassium secretion is linked to ____.​

Intrinsic control of GFR,which is mediated by parasympathetic nervous system input to the efferent arterioles,is aimed at long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure.

Although vasopressin promotes H₂O conservation by the body,it cannot halt urine production.

Several factors can alter the rate of potassium secretion,the most important being renin.

Bladder smooth muscle is richly supplied by __________ fibers,stimulation of which causes bladder contraction.

One function of the kidney is to produce renin,an enzymatic hormone that triggers a chain reaction important in salt conservation by the kidneys.

If a H₂O deficit exists relative to the solute load,the body fluids are too concentrated or are hypertonic,having an osmolarity greater than 300 mOsm/L.

Like tubular reabsorption,tubular secretion involves __________ transport,but the steps are __________.​

Potassiumsecretion in the principal cells of the distal and collecting tubules is coupled to __________ reabsorption by the energy-dependent basolateral __________ pump.

What are the two types of nephrons called?​

During reabsorption,H₂O passes primarily through __________ that are formed by specific plasma membrane proteins in the tubular cells.

The plasma clearance rate of a substance filtered,but not reabsorbed or secreted,always equals the __________.