Question 1

Extensive pumping of fresh groundwater from a coastal aquifer can induce ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) saline intrusion;with time the well will start to deliver saline water 
B) saline expulsion;with time the fresh water/saline water interface within the aquifer will be pushed downward and seaward 
A) saline intrusion;with time the well will start to deliver saline water 
B) saline expulsion;with time the fresh water/saline water interface within the aquifer will be pushed downward and seaward

Question 2

A body of permeable rock or sediment,in which the water table resides,is termed a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A) aquitard 
B) confined aquifer 
C) unconfined aquifer 
D) unsaturated zone 
A) aquitard 
B) confined aquifer 
C) unconfined aquifer 
D) unsaturated zone

Question 3

Material through which water readily flows is termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) fluent 
B) porous 
C) permeable 
A) fluent 
B) porous 
C) permeable

Question 4

Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater involves ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) introduction of laboratory-cultured viruses that can dissolve the plume 
B) pumping nutrients into a contaminant plume to help local bacteria metabolize the plume 
C) pumping out the contaminated groundwater and using it to irrigate genetically modified crops 
A) introduction of laboratory-cultured viruses that can dissolve the plume 
B) pumping nutrients into a contaminant plume to help local bacteria metabolize the plume 
C) pumping out the contaminated groundwater and using it to irrigate genetically modified crops

Question 5

Primary porosity may be reduced by ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) compaction of grains 
B) cementation of grains 
C) A and B are both correct. 
D) None of the above are correct. 
A) compaction of grains 
B) cementation of grains 
C) A and B are both correct. 
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 6

If an intrusive igneous rock is unfractured,it serves as a(n)____________ in local hydrogeology.

Accepted Answer

A) aquifer 
B) aquitard 
C) artesian well 
D) perched aquifer 
A) aquifer 
B) aquitard 
C) artesian well 
D) perched aquifer

Question 7

The relationship governing the rate of groundwater flux was discovered by ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) Alfred Wegener 
B) Isaac Newton 
C) Henri Darcy 
D) Charles Richter 
A) Alfred Wegener 
B) Isaac Newton 
C) Henri Darcy 
D) Charles Richter

Question 8

The rate of groundwater flow per unit area through a body of rock or sediment depends ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) only on the slope of the water table locally 
B) only on the porosity of the rock or sediment 
C) on the slope of the water table and the porosity of the rock or sediment 
D) on the slope of the water table and the permeability of the rock or sediment 
A) only on the slope of the water table locally 
B) only on the porosity of the rock or sediment 
C) on the slope of the water table and the porosity of the rock or sediment 
D) on the slope of the water table and the permeability of the rock or sediment

Question 9

If a material is porous,it ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) will be permeable as well 
B) will be impermeable 
C) may be permeable or impermeable 
A) will be permeable as well 
B) will be impermeable 
C) may be permeable or impermeable

Question 10

The majority of large cave and karst systems have resulted from ____________ etching into ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) carbonic acid;limestone 
B) ascorbic acid;dolostone 
C) phosphoric acid;shale 
D) sea water;rock salt 
A) carbonic acid;limestone 
B) ascorbic acid;dolostone 
C) phosphoric acid;shale 
D) sea water;rock salt

Question 11

Unconsolidated sediment typically has greater porosity than lithified rock that forms from it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The elevation of the water table ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) is a constant for a given area so long as the topography remains the same 
B) may rise during times of drought and sink during rainy periods 
C) may rise during rainy periods and sink during droughts 
A) is a constant for a given area so long as the topography remains the same 
B) may rise during times of drought and sink during rainy periods 
C) may rise during rainy periods and sink during droughts

Question 13

Topography dominated by depressions formed by the collapse of caves is termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) valley and ridge 
B) Karst 
C) horst and graben 
A) valley and ridge 
B) Karst 
C) horst and graben

Question 14

The majority of liquid fresh water within Earth exists in ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) lakes 
B) rivers and streams 
C) pores within rock and sediment 
D) atmospheric clouds 
A) lakes 
B) rivers and streams 
C) pores within rock and sediment 
D) atmospheric clouds

Question 15

Water flowing from hot springs ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) contains more dissolved minerals than water emanating from cool springs 
B) contains less dissolved minerals than water emanating from cool springs 
C) is never hotter than 40°C,so it is always safe to bathe in 
D) only occurs in regions of active volcanic eruption 
A) contains more dissolved minerals than water emanating from cool springs 
B) contains less dissolved minerals than water emanating from cool springs 
C) is never hotter than 40°C,so it is always safe to bathe in 
D) only occurs in regions of active volcanic eruption

Question 16

Well-sorted sediments typically have ____________ porosity compared to poorly sorted sediments.

Accepted Answer

A) greater 
B) less 
C) approximately the same 
A) greater 
B) less 
C) approximately the same

Question 17

A periodic explosive eruption of steam and water from within the ground up through the surface is termed a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) flowing artesian well 
B) geyser 
C) spring 
D) recharge area 
A) flowing artesian well 
B) geyser 
C) spring 
D) recharge area

Question 18

Most dissolution of bedrock to form caves takes place ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) above the water table 
B) just below the water table 
C) greater than 10 m below the water table 
A) above the water table 
B) just below the water table 
C) greater than 10 m below the water table

Question 19

Which list correctly orders the three types of subsurface water from shallowest to deepest?

Accepted Answer

A) groundwater,soil moisture,vadose zone water 
B) soil moisture,groundwater,vadose zone water 
C) groundwater,vadose zone water,soil moisture 
D) soil moisture,vadose zone water,groundwater 
A) groundwater,soil moisture,vadose zone water 
B) soil moisture,groundwater,vadose zone water 
C) groundwater,vadose zone water,soil moisture 
D) soil moisture,vadose zone water,groundwater

Question 20

Besides its immense size,what else is unusual about Carlsbad Caverns in southeastern New Mexico?

Accepted Answer

A) Geologists think the system was produced by sulfuric acid rather than carbonic acid. 
B) The caverns are within a deposit of rock salt rather than limestone. 
C) The caverns were formed within the span of just a few days in 1937. 
D) Although there are conduits to the surface,the caverns do not host a population of bats. 
A) Geologists think the system was produced by sulfuric acid rather than carbonic acid. 
B) The caverns are within a deposit of rock salt rather than limestone. 
C) The caverns were formed within the span of just a few days in 1937. 
D) Although there are conduits to the surface,the caverns do not host a population of bats.

Exam 19: A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Extensive pumping of fresh groundwater from a coastal aquifer can induce ____________.

A body of permeable rock or sediment,in which the water table resides,is termed a(n)____________.

Material through which water readily flows is termed ____________.

Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater involves ____________.

Primary porosity may be reduced by ____________.

If an intrusive igneous rock is unfractured,it serves as a(n)____________ in local hydrogeology.

The relationship governing the rate of groundwater flux was discovered by ____________.

The rate of groundwater flow per unit area through a body of rock or sediment depends ____________.

If a material is porous,it ____________.

The majority of large cave and karst systems have resulted from ____________ etching into ____________.

Unconsolidated sediment typically has greater porosity than lithified rock that forms from it.

The elevation of the water table ____________.

Topography dominated by depressions formed by the collapse of caves is termed ____________.

The majority of liquid fresh water within Earth exists in ____________.

Water flowing from hot springs ____________.

Well-sorted sediments typically have ____________ porosity compared to poorly sorted sediments.

A periodic explosive eruption of steam and water from within the ground up through the surface is termed a ____________.

Most dissolution of bedrock to form caves takes place ____________.

Which list correctly orders the three types of subsurface water from shallowest to deepest?

Besides its immense size,what else is unusual about Carlsbad Caverns in southeastern New Mexico?

Cosmology and the Birth of Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rock

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: A Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Cracks, crags, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

An Envelope of Gas: Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Settings: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

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