Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true about comets and asteroids?

Accepted Answer

A) Both orbit the sun 
B) Both are planetesimals 
C) Both are numerous in our Solar System 
D) Both are composed of rock and ice 
A) Both orbit the sun 
B) Both are planetesimals 
C) Both are numerous in our Solar System 
D) Both are composed of rock and ice D

Question 2

From left to right,correctly label each section of this slice of the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) crust,liquid outer core,transition zone,solid inner core,upper mantle,lower mantle 
B) crust,upper mantle,transition zone,lower mantle,liquid outer core,solid inner core 
C) transition zone,crust,upper mantle,lower mantle,liquid outer core,solid inner core 
D) transition zone,crust,liquid outer core,solid inner core,upper mantle,lower mantle 
A) crust,liquid outer core,transition zone,solid inner core,upper mantle,lower mantle 
B) crust,upper mantle,transition zone,lower mantle,liquid outer core,solid inner core 
C) transition zone,crust,upper mantle,lower mantle,liquid outer core,solid inner core 
D) transition zone,crust,liquid outer core,solid inner core,upper mantle,lower mantle B

Question 3

If you were measuring the elevation of a mountain,you would be measuring variation in ____________,whereas if you were doing the same on a mid-ocean ridge,you would be measuring variation in ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) bathymetry;topography 
B) bathymetry;isostasy 
C) topography;isostasy 
D) topography;bathymetry 
A) bathymetry;topography 
B) bathymetry;isostasy 
C) topography;isostasy 
D) topography;bathymetry D

Question 4

Which of the following is most representative of Earth's hydrosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) lakes and rivers only 
B) surficial freshwater,the oceans,groundwater,and atmospheric water 
C) a layer of hydrogen gas in the outer reaches of the atmosphere 
D) the oceans,but not rivers or lakes 
A) lakes and rivers only 
B) surficial freshwater,the oceans,groundwater,and atmospheric water 
C) a layer of hydrogen gas in the outer reaches of the atmosphere 
D) the oceans,but not rivers or lakes

Question 5

As compared to ultramafic rocks,mafic rocks have a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) greater proportion of silica 
B) lesser proportion of silica 
C) greater proportion of iron and magnesium atoms 
A) greater proportion of silica 
B) lesser proportion of silica 
C) greater proportion of iron and magnesium atoms

Question 6

An aurora (shown below)is produced when ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) solar wind particles are directed toward the poles and excite atmospheric gases 
B) swamp gases rise upward from the arctic tundra 
C) radiation in the Van Allen belts can be seen on a clear,cold night 
D) lightning travels from cloud to cloud rather than cloud to ground 
A) solar wind particles are directed toward the poles and excite atmospheric gases 
B) swamp gases rise upward from the arctic tundra 
C) radiation in the Van Allen belts can be seen on a clear,cold night 
D) lightning travels from cloud to cloud rather than cloud to ground

Question 7

Substances that can be transformed to a gas at relatively low temperatures are termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) glasses 
B) melts 
C) volatiles 
D) mineraloids 
A) glasses 
B) melts 
C) volatiles 
D) mineraloids

Question 8

The most common minerals within Earth are ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) silicates 
B) carbonates 
C) oxides 
D) hydroxides 
A) silicates 
B) carbonates 
C) oxides 
D) hydroxides

Question 9

As compared to the rocks that make up the crust,Earth as a whole is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) considerably more dense 
B) considerably less dense 
C) slightly less dense 
D) about the same density 
A) considerably more dense 
B) considerably less dense 
C) slightly less dense 
D) about the same density

Question 10

The lithosphere is composed of the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) crust only 
B) crust,mantle,and outer core 
C) top 100 m of sediments and sedimentary rocks 
D) crust and the uppermost part of the mantle 
A) crust only 
B) crust,mantle,and outer core 
C) top 100 m of sediments and sedimentary rocks 
D) crust and the uppermost part of the mantle

Question 11

The distinction between the crust and the mantle is primarily on the basis of a difference in ____________;the distinction between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere is primarily on the basis of a difference in ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) chemistry (mineral content);degree of physical rigidity 
B) color;chemistry (mineral content) 
C) degree of physical rigidity;chemistry (mineral content) 
D) chemistry (mineral content);chemistry as well 
A) chemistry (mineral content);degree of physical rigidity 
B) color;chemistry (mineral content) 
C) degree of physical rigidity;chemistry (mineral content) 
D) chemistry (mineral content);chemistry as well

Question 12

The atmosphere can be divided into several distinct layers.
 
Beginning with the layer in which we live,they are,in order:

Accepted Answer

A) stratosphere,troposphere,mesosphere,thermosphere 
B) troposphere,stratosphere,thermosphere,mesosphere 
C) troposphere,stratosphere,mesosphere,thermosphere 
D) stratosphere,troposphere,thermosphere,mesosphere 
A) stratosphere,troposphere,mesosphere,thermosphere 
B) troposphere,stratosphere,thermosphere,mesosphere 
C) troposphere,stratosphere,mesosphere,thermosphere 
D) stratosphere,troposphere,thermosphere,mesosphere

Question 13

Most continental topography lies within a range of altitude between ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) sea level and 1 km below sea level 
B) sea level and 1 km above sea level 
C) 2 to 5 km above sea level 
D) 3 to 6 km above sea level 
A) sea level and 1 km below sea level 
B) sea level and 1 km above sea level 
C) 2 to 5 km above sea level 
D) 3 to 6 km above sea level

Question 14

On average,continental crust is approximately ____________ as oceanic crust.

Accepted Answer

A) equally thick 
B) half as thick 
C) five times as thick 
D) 20 times as thick 
A) equally thick 
B) half as thick 
C) five times as thick 
D) 20 times as thick

Question 15

A silica-rich igneous rock that has coarse crystals and which makes up much of the continental crust is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) peridotite 
B) granite 
C) gabbro 
D) basalt 
A) peridotite 
B) granite 
C) gabbro 
D) basalt

Question 16

The densest layer of Earth is the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) crust 
B) mantle 
C) outer core 
D) inner core 
A) crust 
B) mantle 
C) outer core 
D) inner core

Question 17

During a journey to the center of the Earth,one would experience temperature ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) and pressure both increasing 
B) and pressure both decreasing 
C) increasing,but pressure staying nearly the same 
D) remaining remarkably constant,but pressure increasing 
A) and pressure both increasing 
B) and pressure both decreasing 
C) increasing,but pressure staying nearly the same 
D) remaining remarkably constant,but pressure increasing

Question 18

If one were to see a comet passing by Earth,it is likely that this comet originated from _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) the asteroid belt 
B) the Kuiper belt 
C) the heliosphere 
D) interplanetary space 
A) the asteroid belt 
B) the Kuiper belt 
C) the heliosphere 
D) interplanetary space

Question 19

The lithosphere lies directly above the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) transition zone 
B) crust 
C) asthenosphere 
D) lower mantle 
A) transition zone 
B) crust 
C) asthenosphere 
D) lower mantle

Question 20

The shape of Earth's magnetic field is approximately that of a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) monopole 
B) dipole (such as that produced by a bar magnet) 
C) torus,a donut-shaped ring parallel to Earth's equator 
A) monopole 
B) dipole (such as that produced by a bar magnet) 
C) torus,a donut-shaped ring parallel to Earth's equator

Exam 2: Journey to the Center of the Earth

Which of the following is NOT true about comets and asteroids?

From left to right,correctly label each section of this slice of the Earth.

If you were measuring the elevation of a mountain,you would be measuring variation in ____________,whereas if you were doing the same on a mid-ocean ridge,you would be measuring variation in ___________.

Which of the following is most representative of Earth's hydrosphere?

As compared to ultramafic rocks,mafic rocks have a ____________.

An aurora (shown below)is produced when ____________.

Substances that can be transformed to a gas at relatively low temperatures are termed ____________.

The most common minerals within Earth are ____________.

As compared to the rocks that make up the crust,Earth as a whole is ____________.

The lithosphere is composed of the ____________.

The distinction between the crust and the mantle is primarily on the basis of a difference in ____________;the distinction between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere is primarily on the basis of a difference in ____________.

The atmosphere can be divided into several distinct layers. Beginning with the layer in which we live,they are,in order:

Most continental topography lies within a range of altitude between ____________.

On average,continental crust is approximately ____________ as oceanic crust.

A silica-rich igneous rock that has coarse crystals and which makes up much of the continental crust is ____________.

The densest layer of Earth is the ____________.

During a journey to the center of the Earth,one would experience temperature ____________.

If one were to see a comet passing by Earth,it is likely that this comet originated from _______________.

The lithosphere lies directly above the ____________.

The shape of Earth's magnetic field is approximately that of a ____________.

Cosmology and the Birth of Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rock

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: A Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Cracks, crags, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Settings: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Filters

If you were measuring the elevation of a mountain,you would be measuring variation in __,whereas if you were doing the same on a mid-ocean ridge,you would be measuring variation in _.

The distinction between the crust and the mantle is primarily on the basis of a difference in ;the distinction between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere is primarily on the basis of a difference in .