Exam 3: Landscapes Fashioned by Water

Old Faithful, a(n)________ in Yellowstone National Park, erupts steam and hot water.

________ are formed when groundwater dissolves cavities into limestone.

Caves are formed by groundwater in granite and basalt.

The Grand Canyon was carved entirely by the Colorado River.

Examine the sketch of a bend in a river. The arrows show the water flow direction. In which of the four lettered locations will the water be moving at the highest velocity?

Groundwater can be a source of surface runoff.

Rapids and waterfalls are more likely in ________.

Drawdown of groundwater due to heavy pumping from a well may result in a(n)________, a "dimple" in the water table.

Imagine you are an astronaut, landing on an alien world. Looking out your spacecraft window, you see a world that looks very much like Earth. You notice a disappearing stream and two sinkholes. Based on your training in Earth science, make a prediction about the rock type you would find in the area where you have landed, and justify your prediction. Make a second prediction about the composition of the atmosphere on the new planet.

If you were to examine the longitudinal profile of a typical river, you would probably find that the gradient is ________.

Match the items in the first column with the correct descriptions in the second column. A)a complex network of converging and diverging channels that thread their way among numerous islands or gravel bars. B)the process by which solid particles of various sizes are separated and deposited in different locations. C)the volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time. D)the physical removal of material by a mobile agent such as flowing water, waves, wind, or ice. E)sand, gravel, and large boulders that are too large to be carried in suspension, and instead move along the bottom of a stream channel. F)the physical breakdown (disintegration)and chemical alteration (decomposition)of rock at or near Earth's surface. G)the slope of a stream channel expressed as the vertical drop of a stream over a specified distance. H)the transfer of rock and soil downslope, under the influence of gravity. -1)Weathering 2)Discharge 3)Bed load 4)Mass wasting 5)Erosion 6)Sorting 7)Gradient 8)Braided channels

Which of the following is not a form of mass wasting?

If discharge of a stream increases to the point that the stream overflows its banks, the stream is said to be ________.

Infiltration adds water to ________.

What kind of drainage pattern would develop on the slopes of Mount Rainier, an isolated volcano in Washington state?

Examine the photo of Glen Canyon Dam in Arizona and the reservoir called "Lake Powell" that formed upstream of it. Describe what has happened to base level on the Colorado River at this location since the dam was constructed. Make a prediction for what will happen at this location over the next several hundred years.

________ is a measure of the volume of open space in rocks and unconsolidated, geological materials like alluvium and soils.

Examine the sketch of a bend in a river. The arrows show the water flow direction. In which of the four lettered locations is deposition most likely to occur?

What is the specific form of mass wasting illustrated here?

How do potholes form?