Exam 2: Rocks: Materials of the Solid Earth

Magma that might have cooled slowly to produce a diorite is instead erupted at Earth's surface. It would chill rapidly and produce a(n)________.

The parent rock of marble is sandstone.

The skeletal remains of plankton make up the sedimentary rock ________.

All metamorphic rocks began as other rocks ("parent rocks")that were then subjected to elevated temperatures or pressures.

Consider the history of a single crystal of quartz. Describe how could this quartz grain could (a)form in a granite, (b)become incorporated into a sandstone, and (c)be transformed into a quartzite? Explain the processes which act on the quartz crystal and the transformations it experiences. Detail the processes which would take place along each portion of this journey.

Identify each photo with a material name. Explain the processes which would have to occur as each material is transformed (arrows)into other materials. Include a plausible "next step" to replace the big question mark at the end.

A detrital sedimentary rock dominated by sand is a(n)________.

Which one of the following is a sedimentary rock?

Which one of the following is a metamorphic rock?

Before it can be sedimentary rock, sediment must be produced (weathered from pre-existing rocks), transported, deposited, and ________.

Granite is ________.

Compaction and cementation are the most common forms of lithification.

Which kind of rocks may contain fossils?

A crystal of potassium feldspar (KAlSi₃O₈)will produce a variety of weathering products after it is weathered. Which of the following is NOT a product that results from the weathering of potassium feldspar?

________ is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in rainwater, and this mildly reactive substance aids chemical weathering.

Coal is a sedimentary rock that is made of organic matter.

Rock salt and rock gypsum are examples of ________ sedimentary rocks.

The reason we see so much mud and sand along the shore of the land is that clay minerals and quartz are ________ at Earth's surface.

Examine the rock sample here. Did it form at the surface or below the surface, and how do you know?

This photo shows a conglomerate.