Exam 2: Rocks: Materials of the Solid Earth

Label each process or set of processes (lettered arrows)and Earth materials (numbered boxes).

Chemical sedimentary rocks form when ________ in solution precipitate out mineral matter.

Regional metamorphism occurs during ________.

Match the items in the first column with the correct descriptions in the second column. A)Reactions that take place, often facilitated by water, to new produce products, mainly clay minerals, which are stable at Earth's surface. B)The reaction of a substance (often a metal ion)with oxygen. Rust is an example. C)The breaking of rock into smaller pieces. D)When water freezes, it expands in volume. Water-filled cracks can be enlarged when this new ice exerts outward pressure on the walls of the fracture. E)The expansion of rocks that formed under high confining pressure, once they are uplifted and exposed at Earth's surface producing fractures that are broadly curved and parallel to the land surface. F)Pressure that is unequal in different directions, such as results from the convergence of tectonic plates (mountain-building) G)A substance that forms when carbon dioxide in the air combines with water. It is an important agent of chemical weathering. H)Pressure that is equal in every direction, such as results from the burial of sediments -1)Differential stress 2)Confining pressure 3)Frost wedging 4)Sheeting 5)Oxidation 6)Carbonic acid 7)Mechanical weathering 8)Chemical weathering

Confining pressure results from ________ of rocks.

Most rock outcrops (about 75% of the total)are ________.

How are the two main categories of weathering represented in this image that shows human-made objects?

Why would intrusive rocks chemically weather more quickly than extrusive rocks? Why would mafic rocks chemically weather more easily than felsic rocks?

Because of its rock cleavage, slate makes a better roofing material than rock gypsum.

The difference between a breccia and a conglomerate is ________.

Rocks that contain crystals that are roughly equal in size and can be identified with the unaided eye are said to exhibit a ________ texture.

Which igneous texture is characterized by two distinctively different crystal sizes?

Confining pressure produces foliated metamorphic rocks.

An igneous rock that cools rapidly is likely to have ________ crystals.

To transform an igneous rock into a sedimentary rock, which of the following processes must take place?

When a granite pluton (formed deep underground)is uplifted and exposed at the surface, it may undergo sheeting to form a(n)________.

In contact metamorphism, ________ is the dominant agent of change.

Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified and named principally on the basis of ________.

Granite and gabbro have a similar ________.

Chemical weathering would be most effective ________.