Question 1

The hypophyseal portal system

Accepted Answer

A) is a blood connection between the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. 
B) has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins. 
C) carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. 
D) carries ADH and oxytocin. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) is a blood connection between the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. 
B) has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins. 
C) carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. 
D) carries ADH and oxytocin. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

Accepted Answer

A) thyroxine. 
B) TSH. 
C) calcitonin. 
D) PTH. 
E) triiodothyronine. 
A) thyroxine. 
B) TSH. 
C) calcitonin. 
D) PTH. 
E) triiodothyronine.

Question 3

The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces

Accepted Answer

A) androgens. 
B) glucocorticoids. 
C) mineralocorticoids. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) norepinephrine. 
A) androgens. 
B) glucocorticoids. 
C) mineralocorticoids. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) norepinephrine.

Question 4

Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)are the

Accepted Answer

A) mineralocorticoids. 
B) androgens. 
C) glucocorticoids. 
D) catecholamines. 
E) gonadotropins. 
A) mineralocorticoids. 
B) androgens. 
C) glucocorticoids. 
D) catecholamines. 
E) gonadotropins.

Question 5

Which of the following cells are target cells for the hormone that causes a decrease in blood-calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

A) alpha cells 
B) osteoclasts 
C) osteoblasts 
D) C cells 
E) All cells in the body,especially cartilage,bone,and muscle cells. 
A) alpha cells 
B) osteoclasts 
C) osteoblasts 
D) C cells 
E) All cells in the body,especially cartilage,bone,and muscle cells.

Question 6

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) thymosin 
B) calcitonin 
C) PTH 
D) aldosterone 
E) cortisol 
A) thymosin 
B) calcitonin 
C) PTH 
D) aldosterone 
E) cortisol

Question 7

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is

Accepted Answer

A) FSH. 
B) ADH. 
C) TSH. 
D) MSH. 
E) ACTH. 
A) FSH. 
B) ADH. 
C) TSH. 
D) MSH. 
E) ACTH.

Question 8

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na⁺ is the action of

Accepted Answer

A) antidiuretic hormone. 
B) calcitonin. 
C) aldosterone. 
D) cortisone. 
E) oxytocin. 
A) antidiuretic hormone. 
B) calcitonin. 
C) aldosterone. 
D) cortisone. 
E) oxytocin.

Question 9

Hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

Accepted Answer

A) tropic hormones. 
B) androgens. 
C) somatotropins. 
D) immunogens. 
E) gonadotropins. 
A) tropic hormones. 
B) androgens. 
C) somatotropins. 
D) immunogens. 
E) gonadotropins.

Question 10

You have just become the nurse manager of a nursing home and you are reminding yourself about what problems your nursing home population might have by studying your old pathophysiology books from nursing school.Many of the residents are tired and have problems with blood glucose levels.Which hormones might be related?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin 
B) cortisol 
C) GH 
D) thyroid hormones 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) insulin 
B) cortisol 
C) GH 
D) thyroid hormones 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) cortisol 
B) parathyroid hormone 
C) insulin 
D) growth hormone 
E) acetylcholine 
A) cortisol 
B) parathyroid hormone 
C) insulin 
D) growth hormone 
E) acetylcholine

Question 12

The heart secretes the hormone

Accepted Answer

A) progesterone. 
B) oxytocin. 
C) thymosin. 
D) thyroxine. 
E) atrial natriuretic peptide. 
A) progesterone. 
B) oxytocin. 
C) thymosin. 
D) thyroxine. 
E) atrial natriuretic peptide.

Question 13

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus,

Accepted Answer

A) blood glucose levels are very high. 
B) excessive thirst is shown. 
C) glucose is present in the urine in large amounts. 
D) a large excretion of urine occurs. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) blood glucose levels are very high. 
B) excessive thirst is shown. 
C) glucose is present in the urine in large amounts. 
D) a large excretion of urine occurs. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

Accepted Answer

A) basal ganglion. 
B) infundibulum. 
C) adenohypophysis. 
D) mesencephalon. 
E) neurohypophysis. 
A) basal ganglion. 
B) infundibulum. 
C) adenohypophysis. 
D) mesencephalon. 
E) neurohypophysis.

Question 15

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) failure of electrolyte balance. 
B) increasing ability to produce glucose from glycogen. 
C) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. 
D) a sharp increase in motivation and energy. 
E) an increase in urine output. 
A) failure of electrolyte balance. 
B) increasing ability to produce glucose from glycogen. 
C) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. 
D) a sharp increase in motivation and energy. 
E) an increase in urine output.

Question 16

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can be divided into three parts: the pars distalis,the pars intermedia,and the pars

Accepted Answer

A) tuberalis. 
B) nervosa. 
C) pinea. 
D) intermedia. 
E) magnus. 
A) tuberalis. 
B) nervosa. 
C) pinea. 
D) intermedia. 
E) magnus.

Question 17

Which recommendation might be given by a doctor when counseling a patient who is suffering from excessive melatonin production?

Accepted Answer

A) Spend time outside during the day when possible,eating lunch,taking a walk,etc. 
B) Wear a special light made for seasonal affective disorder patients on the head. 
C) Take antidepressants. 
D) Do not take melatonin supplements from the pharmacy as a sleep aid. 
E) All of these recommendations might be made. 
A) Spend time outside during the day when possible,eating lunch,taking a walk,etc. 
B) Wear a special light made for seasonal affective disorder patients on the head. 
C) Take antidepressants. 
D) Do not take melatonin supplements from the pharmacy as a sleep aid. 
E) All of these recommendations might be made.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about paracrine communication?

Accepted Answer

A) It is used for the regulation of cell and organ activities. 
B) Paracrine factors are rather similar to hormones. 
C) Many cells produce paracrine factors. 
D) The cells make local hormones,made by cells that affect surrounding cells. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) It is used for the regulation of cell and organ activities. 
B) Paracrine factors are rather similar to hormones. 
C) Many cells produce paracrine factors. 
D) The cells make local hormones,made by cells that affect surrounding cells. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)is

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) cortisol. 
D) thyroid hormone. 
E) epinephrine. 
A) testosterone. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) cortisol. 
D) thyroid hormone. 
E) epinephrine.

Question 20

Steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

A) are proteins. 
B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. 
C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. 
D) act on target cells by turning on genes. 
E) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma. 
A) are proteins. 
B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. 
C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. 
D) act on target cells by turning on genes. 
E) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.

Exam 18: The Endocrine System

The hypophyseal portal system

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces

Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)are the

Which of the following cells are target cells for the hormone that causes a decrease in blood-calcium concentration?

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood.

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na⁺ is the action of

Hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

The heart secretes the hormone

In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus,

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)is characterized by

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland can be divided into three parts: the pars distalis,the pars intermedia,and the pars

Which recommendation might be given by a doctor when counseling a patient who is suffering from excessive melatonin production?

Which of the following statements is true about paracrine communication?

The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)is

Steroid hormones

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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