Question 1

Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to

Accepted Answer

A) hypothyroidism. 
B) cretinism. 
C) myxedema. 
D) high blood levels of TSH. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) hypothyroidism. 
B) cretinism. 
C) myxedema. 
D) high blood levels of TSH. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces

Accepted Answer

A) androgens. 
B) glucocorticoids. 
C) mineralocorticoids. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) norepinephrine. 
A) androgens. 
B) glucocorticoids. 
C) mineralocorticoids. 
D) epinephrine. 
E) norepinephrine.

Question 3

The primary function of ADH is to

Accepted Answer

A) increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys. 
B) decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys. 
C) decrease blood pressure. 
D) increase digestive absorption. 
E) delay urination. 
A) increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys. 
B) decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys. 
C) decrease blood pressure. 
D) increase digestive absorption. 
E) delay urination.

Question 4

Thyroid hormone contains the element

Accepted Answer

A) fluorine. 
B) chlorine. 
C) iron. 
D) iodine. 
E) zinc. 
A) fluorine. 
B) chlorine. 
C) iron. 
D) iodine. 
E) zinc.

Question 5

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid

Accepted Answer

A) glutamic acid. 
B) epinephrine. 
C) iodine. 
D) tyrosine. 
E) glycine. 
A) glutamic acid. 
B) epinephrine. 
C) iodine. 
D) tyrosine. 
E) glycine.

Question 6

Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

Accepted Answer

A) estrogen 
B) progesterone 
C) testosterone 
D) inhibin 
E) gonadotropins 
A) estrogen 
B) progesterone 
C) testosterone 
D) inhibin 
E) gonadotropins

Question 7

Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?

Accepted Answer

A) thyroid 
B) adrenal (suprarenal) 
C) pituitary 
D) pancreas 
E) thymus 
A) thyroid 
B) adrenal (suprarenal) 
C) pituitary 
D) pancreas 
E) thymus

Question 8

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

Accepted Answer

A) cortisol 
B) parathyroid hormone 
C) insulin 
D) growth hormone 
E) epinephrine 
A) cortisol 
B) parathyroid hormone 
C) insulin 
D) growth hormone 
E) epinephrine

Question 9

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry.These categories include

Accepted Answer

A) peptides. 
B) steroids. 
C) eicosanoids. 
D) amino acid derivatives. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) peptides. 
B) steroids. 
C) eicosanoids. 
D) amino acid derivatives. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

Communication between cells is key to organism-level regulation of the internal environment to maintain health,that is,nearly constant internal conditions (homeostasis).Outline and compare the intercellular communication pathways that function to provide homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

Intercellular communication occurs large

Question 11

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)is secreted by the human pars intermedia

Accepted Answer

A) during pregnancy. 
B) in very young children. 
C) during fetal development. 
D) in some disease processes. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) during pregnancy. 
B) in very young children. 
C) during fetal development. 
D) in some disease processes. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?

Accepted Answer

A) in lysosomes 
B) in rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) in the lumen of the thyroid follicle 
D) in pinocytotic vesicles 
E) in apical microvilli 
A) in lysosomes 
B) in rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C) in the lumen of the thyroid follicle 
D) in pinocytotic vesicles 
E) in apical microvilli

Question 13

Which of the following is false concerning melatonin?

Accepted Answer

A) Exposure to light inhibits production. 
B) Exposure to light stimulates production. 
C) It inhibits releases of GnRH. 
D) It is produced by pinealocytes. 
E) It is made from serotonin. 
A) Exposure to light inhibits production. 
B) Exposure to light stimulates production. 
C) It inhibits releases of GnRH. 
D) It is produced by pinealocytes. 
E) It is made from serotonin.

Question 14

The primary target(s)of insulin is/are

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscle fibers. 
B) adipocytes. 
C) liver cells. 
D) cardiac muscle cells. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) skeletal muscle fibers. 
B) adipocytes. 
C) liver cells. 
D) cardiac muscle cells. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),

Accepted Answer

A) lipid reserves are mobilized. 
B) proteins are conserved. 
C) blood glucose levels fall drastically. 
D) levels of growth hormone decrease. 
E) levels of insulin decrease. 
A) lipid reserves are mobilized. 
B) proteins are conserved. 
C) blood glucose levels fall drastically. 
D) levels of growth hormone decrease. 
E) levels of insulin decrease.

Question 16

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),there is

Accepted Answer

A) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. 
B) decreased mental alertness. 
C) mobilization of energy reserves. 
D) increased urine release. 
E) decreased rate of respiration. 
A) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. 
B) decreased mental alertness. 
C) mobilization of energy reserves. 
D) increased urine release. 
E) decreased rate of respiration.

Question 17

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

Accepted Answer

A) somatotropin. 
B) thyroxine. 
C) calcitonin. 
D) parathyroid hormone. 
E) glucagon. 
A) somatotropin. 
B) thyroxine. 
C) calcitonin. 
D) parathyroid hormone. 
E) glucagon.

Question 18

Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the

Accepted Answer

A) bone marrow of the skeletal system. 
B) splenic pulp of the lymphatic system. 
C) endothelial linings of the cardiovascular system. 
D) hypothalamus of the nervous system. 
E) epidermis of the integumentary system. 
A) bone marrow of the skeletal system. 
B) splenic pulp of the lymphatic system. 
C) endothelial linings of the cardiovascular system. 
D) hypothalamus of the nervous system. 
E) epidermis of the integumentary system.

Question 19

Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose from the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) calcitonin 
B) cortisol 
C) insulin 
D) glucagon 
E) parathyroid hormone 
A) calcitonin 
B) cortisol 
C) insulin 
D) glucagon 
E) parathyroid hormone

Question 20

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

Accepted Answer

A) cortisol. 
B) parathormone. 
C) thymosin. 
D) somatotropin. 
E) aldosterone. 
A) cortisol. 
B) parathormone. 
C) thymosin. 
D) somatotropin. 
E) aldosterone.

Exam 18: The Endocrine System

Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to

The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces

The primary function of ADH is to

Thyroid hormone contains the element

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid

Follicle cells in the ovary secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry.These categories include

Communication between cells is key to organism-level regulation of the internal environment to maintain health,that is,nearly constant internal conditions (homeostasis).Outline and compare the intercellular communication pathways that function to provide homeostasis.

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)is secreted by the human pars intermedia

Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?

Which of the following is false concerning melatonin?

The primary target(s)of insulin is/are

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS),there is

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the

Which of the following hormones stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to take in glucose from the blood?

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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