Question 1

The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD)may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A) increased levels of melanin. 
B) increased levels of melatonin. 
C) increased levels of melanocyte-stimulating hormone. 
D) increased levels of gonadotrophins. 
E) decreased levels of testosterone. 
A) increased levels of melanin. 
B) increased levels of melatonin. 
C) increased levels of melanocyte-stimulating hormone. 
D) increased levels of gonadotrophins. 
E) decreased levels of testosterone.

Question 2

When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect,it is called

Accepted Answer

A) a reflex. 
B) a causatum. 
C) an aftereffect. 
D) permissive. 
E) a radical. 
A) a reflex. 
B) a causatum. 
C) an aftereffect. 
D) permissive. 
E) a radical.

Question 3

When adenyl cyclase is activated,

Accepted Answer

A) ATP is consumed. 
B) cAMP is formed. 
C) cAMP is broken down. 
D) ATP is produced. 
E) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed. 
A) ATP is consumed. 
B) cAMP is formed. 
C) cAMP is broken down. 
D) ATP is produced. 
E) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.

Question 4

Figure 18-1 Pituitary Hormones and Their Targets
Use Figure 18-1 to answer the following questions:
-A deficiency of which hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 7 
C) 2 
D) 8 
E) 14 
A) 3 
B) 7 
C) 2 
D) 8 
E) 14

Question 5

Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s)to extracellular receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin 
B) epinephrine 
C) cortisol 
D) calcitriol 
E) insulin and epinephrine 
A) insulin 
B) epinephrine 
C) cortisol 
D) calcitriol 
E) insulin and epinephrine

Question 6

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition 
B) synthesis 
C) release 
D) inhibition and secretion 
E) synthesis and release 
A) inhibition 
B) synthesis 
C) release 
D) inhibition and secretion 
E) synthesis and release

Question 7

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate osteoclast activity. 
B) inhibit osteoblast activity. 
C) build up bone. 
D) stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys. 
E) enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys. 
A) stimulate osteoclast activity. 
B) inhibit osteoblast activity. 
C) build up bone. 
D) stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys. 
E) enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys.

Question 8

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone. 
B) erythropoietin. 
C) thymosin. 
D) cortisol. 
E) parathormone. 
A) aldosterone. 
B) erythropoietin. 
C) thymosin. 
D) cortisol. 
E) parathormone.

Question 9

The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds is called ________ syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A) malabsorption 
B) serotonin 
C) general adaptation 
D) Prader-Willi 
E) afferent loop 
A) malabsorption 
B) serotonin 
C) general adaptation 
D) Prader-Willi 
E) afferent loop

Question 10

Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) parasympathetic nervous system 
B) sympathetic nervous system 
C) blood glucose concentration 
D) hypothalamus 
E) tropic hormones from the pituitary gland 
A) parasympathetic nervous system 
B) sympathetic nervous system 
C) blood glucose concentration 
D) hypothalamus 
E) tropic hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 11

Peptide hormones are

Accepted Answer

A) composed of amino acids. 
B) produced by the suprarenal glands. 
C) derived from the amino acid tyrosine. 
D) lipids. 
E) chemically related to cholesterol. 
A) composed of amino acids. 
B) produced by the suprarenal glands. 
C) derived from the amino acid tyrosine. 
D) lipids. 
E) chemically related to cholesterol.

Question 12

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

Accepted Answer

A) adenyl cyclase is activated. 
B) cyclic nucleotides are formed. 
C) G proteins are phosphylated. 
D) gene transcription is initiated. 
E) protein kinases are activated. 
A) adenyl cyclase is activated. 
B) cyclic nucleotides are formed. 
C) G proteins are phosphylated. 
D) gene transcription is initiated. 
E) protein kinases are activated.

Question 13

The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation.

Accepted Answer

A) endocrine 
B) pancreatic 
C) homeostatic 
D) hepatic 
E) vascular 
A) endocrine 
B) pancreatic 
C) homeostatic 
D) hepatic 
E) vascular

Question 14

The action of thyroid hormone on a target cell involves all the following steps except

Accepted Answer

A) binding to a hormone receptor in the plasma membrane. 
B) transport into the target cell. 
C) binding to a cytoplasmic receptor protein. 
D) activation of a specific gene. 
E) activation of a G protein. 
A) binding to a hormone receptor in the plasma membrane. 
B) transport into the target cell. 
C) binding to a cytoplasmic receptor protein. 
D) activation of a specific gene. 
E) activation of a G protein.

Question 15

If the hypophyseal portal system is destroyed,the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?

Accepted Answer

A) TSH 
B) ACTH 
C) PRL 
D) ADH and OXT 
E) TSH,ACTH,PRL 
A) TSH 
B) ACTH 
C) PRL 
D) ADH and OXT 
E) TSH,ACTH,PRL

Question 16

Describe the three phases of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)that constitute the body's response to stress.Which endocrine secretions play dominant roles in the alarm and resistance phases?

Accepted Answer

The three phases are alarm,resistance,an

Question 17

The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ion.This complex can then activate enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) prostaglandin 
B) leukotrieneiuretic factor 
C) cyclic AMP 
D) calmodulin 
E) kinase 
A) prostaglandin 
B) leukotrieneiuretic factor 
C) cyclic AMP 
D) calmodulin 
E) kinase

Question 18

Endocrine cells

Accepted Answer

A) are a type of nerve cell. 
B) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface. 
C) release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood. 
D) contain few vesicles. 
E) are modified connective-tissue cells. 
A) are a type of nerve cell. 
B) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface. 
C) release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood. 
D) contain few vesicles. 
E) are modified connective-tissue cells.

Question 19

All of the pancreatic hormones are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) the adenohypophysis. 
B) the liver. 
C) the neurohypophysis. 
D) the thyroid gland. 
E) nutrient concentrations in the blood. 
A) the adenohypophysis. 
B) the liver. 
C) the neurohypophysis. 
D) the thyroid gland. 
E) nutrient concentrations in the blood.

Question 20

Which of the following is not an action of TSH?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulates T₃ and T₄ secretion 
B) stimulates iodide trapping by thyroid follicle cells 
C) inhibits T₃ and T₄ secretion 
D) stimulates pinocytosis of colloid by thyroid follicle cells 
E) increases cyclic AMP concentration within thyroid follicle cells 
A) stimulates T₃ and T₄ secretion 
B) stimulates iodide trapping by thyroid follicle cells 
C) inhibits T₃ and T₄ secretion 
D) stimulates pinocytosis of colloid by thyroid follicle cells 
E) increases cyclic AMP concentration within thyroid follicle cells

Exam 18: The Endocrine System

The condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD)may be caused by

When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect,it is called

When adenyl cyclase is activated,

Figure 18-1 Pituitary Hormones and Their Targets Use Figure 18-1 to answer the following questions: -A deficiency of which hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus?

Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s)to extracellular receptors?

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds is called ________ syndrome.

Which of the following directly regulates the secretion of insulin?

Peptide hormones are

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation.

The action of thyroid hormone on a target cell involves all the following steps except

If the hypophyseal portal system is destroyed,the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones?

Describe the three phases of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)that constitute the body's response to stress.Which endocrine secretions play dominant roles in the alarm and resistance phases?

The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ion.This complex can then activate enzymes.

Endocrine cells

All of the pancreatic hormones are regulated by

Which of the following is not an action of TSH?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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