Exam 31: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal, and Other Endocrine Disorders

Botanical preparations have been found in animal studies to influence thyroid activity.Commiphora mukul (guggulsterones from guggul extract) has strong thyroid stimulatory action, demonstrated by

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by which of the following biochemical and endocrine abnormalities?

Cushing syndrome is characterized by weight gain, easy bruising, depression, muscle loss, and weakness.It is caused by

Which of these is NOT a product of the thyroid?

Which of these is NOT required for the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)?

Before 1960, reports surfaced that soy formula-fed infants were developing hypothyroidism.The addition of what supplement to these formulas ameliorated this problem?

Dietary intervention is a key therapeutic tool in managing patients with thyroid disease.In the absence of nutritional deficiencies, what is the main goal of nutritional support?

Maintaining thyroid hormone function throughout the aging process appears to be an important hallmark of healthy aging.What characteristic is an indicator of thyroid health in centenarians?

Low energy, cold hands and feet, fatigue, hypercholesterolemia, muscle pain, depression, and a positive test result for thyroid peroxidase antibodies could all be indicative of what condition?

A rare primary adrenal insufficiency in which insufficient levels of steroid hormones are produced despite adequate levels of the hormone ACTH is known as

Some plant foods (cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage) exert antithyroid activity through what mechanism?

A severe systemic illness that causes decreased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, an increased conversion of T3 to the inactive rT3, and decreased binding of thyroid hormones is known as

Graves disease is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid is diffusely enlarged (goiter) and overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones.It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) in the United States.What is the primary target of circulating autoantibodies in this disease?

Thyroid health in some adults can be improved by increasing the conversion of T4 to T3.This can be accomplished by

Selenium deficiency, inadequate protein, excess carbohydrates, chronic illness, and stress (high cortisol levels) can all impact what thyroid metabolic process?

Thyroid health has been shown to be impacted by the elimination of which foods?

Iodine deficiency is often a culprit in thyroid disorders.However, in which of these thyroid conditions may supplementing with iodine exacerbate the condition?

More than 90% of people with autoimmune thyroid disease have a genetic defect affecting their ability to metabolize what?

Characteristics of chronic adrenal stress do NOT include

Although some T3 is produced in the thyroid, approximately 80% to 85% is generated outside the thyroid in which organs?