Question 1

Approximately how many nucleotides make up human DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 million 
B) 2 billion 
C) 3 billion 
D) 8 billion 
A) 1 million 
B) 2 billion 
C) 3 billion 
D) 8 billion C

Question 2

What is the effect of a silent mutation on DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) It is harmful to the host. 
B) It accumulates additional mutations more quickly than unaffected DNA. 
C) It improves certain functions of the DNA. 
D) It has no effect on the DNA. 
A) It is harmful to the host. 
B) It accumulates additional mutations more quickly than unaffected DNA. 
C) It improves certain functions of the DNA. 
D) It has no effect on the DNA. D

Question 3

In protein synthesis, what subcomponent of DNA directs the inclusion of a specific amino acid within the protein?

Accepted Answer

A) The gene 
B) The intron 
C) The codon 
D) The exon 
A) The gene 
B) The intron 
C) The codon 
D) The exon C

Question 4

Phenylketonuria is what type of genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Autosomal dominant 
B) Autosomal recessive 
C) X-linked dominant 
D) X-linked recessive 
A) Autosomal dominant 
B) Autosomal recessive 
C) X-linked dominant 
D) X-linked recessive

Question 5

Which area of study focuses on the identification and understanding of the function of the end products of the genes within the human genome?

Accepted Answer

A) Nutrigenomics 
B) Proteomics 
C) Metabolomics 
D) Genomics 
A) Nutrigenomics 
B) Proteomics 
C) Metabolomics 
D) Genomics

Question 6

In regard to nutritional assessment, which of the following will nutrition professionals need to be able to read to identify a patient's potential susceptibility to diseases?

Accepted Answer

A) Phenotype 
B) Genotype 
C) Karyotype 
D) Genomic imprint 
A) Phenotype 
B) Genotype 
C) Karyotype 
D) Genomic imprint

Question 7

Among which types of inheritance have no nutrition-related disorders been identified?

Accepted Answer

A) Autosomal recessive 
B) X-linked dominant 
C) Y-linked 
D) X-linked recessive 
A) Autosomal recessive 
B) X-linked dominant 
C) Y-linked 
D) X-linked recessive

Question 8

Nutritional components of food affect genetic expression by acting as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR).Which disease may NOT be positively affected by this nutrigenomic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) Type 2 diabetes mellitus 
B) Cancer 
C) Obesity 
D) Atherosclerosis 
A) Type 2 diabetes mellitus 
B) Cancer 
C) Obesity 
D) Atherosclerosis

Question 9

Which of the following is the area of DNA where binding of regulatory proteins signals the start of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) Promoter 
B) Intervening sequence 
C) Response element 
D) Transcription factor 
A) Promoter 
B) Intervening sequence 
C) Response element 
D) Transcription factor

Question 10

Which type of disorders are the most common of the mendelian inherited disorders?

Accepted Answer

A) Autosomal recessive diseases 
B) Autosomal dominant diseases 
C) X-linked dominant diseases 
D) X-linked recessive diseases 
A) Autosomal recessive diseases 
B) Autosomal dominant diseases 
C) X-linked dominant diseases 
D) X-linked recessive diseases

Question 11

Which of the following may promote a change in a DNA molecule affecting gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) Genomic imprinting 
B) Mutation 
C) SNP 
D) Gene variant 
A) Genomic imprinting 
B) Mutation 
C) SNP 
D) Gene variant

Question 12

What is the term that describes the natural variations in a gene that create no adverse effects on the individual and appear frequently within the population?

Accepted Answer

A) Autosomal dominant 
B) Homozygous 
C) Polymorphism 
D) Heterozygous 
A) Autosomal dominant 
B) Homozygous 
C) Polymorphism 
D) Heterozygous

Question 13

What is the term that describes a gene that is present but not expressing a particular phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A) Pedigree 
B) Reduced penetrance 
C) Dominance 
D) Linkage 
A) Pedigree 
B) Reduced penetrance 
C) Dominance 
D) Linkage

Question 14

In genomics, "SNP" refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the sequencing of nucleotides to make proteins. 
B) a method of extracting a gene from a DNA strand. 
C) a variation in a DNA sequence caused by one nucleotide. 
D) sex-linked nucleotide penetrance. 
A) the sequencing of nucleotides to make proteins. 
B) a method of extracting a gene from a DNA strand. 
C) a variation in a DNA sequence caused by one nucleotide. 
D) sex-linked nucleotide penetrance.

Question 15

Which of the following is a syndrome caused by extra chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) William syndrome 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Angelman syndrome 
D) Prader-Willi syndrome 
A) William syndrome 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Angelman syndrome 
D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 16

Within a strand of DNA, which of the following nucleotide base pairing is possible?

Accepted Answer

A) Adenine-guanine 
B) Cytosine-thymine 
C) Adenine-uracil 
D) Cytosine-guanine 
A) Adenine-guanine 
B) Cytosine-thymine 
C) Adenine-uracil 
D) Cytosine-guanine

Question 17

The 677C>T variant of the MTHFR gene may increase the risk of which disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Wilson disease 
B) Diabetes mellitus 
C) Cancer 
D) Cardiovascular disease 
A) Wilson disease 
B) Diabetes mellitus 
C) Cancer 
D) Cardiovascular disease

Question 18

What syndrome results from inheriting two copies of a deletion in chromosome 15 from the father?

Accepted Answer

A) William syndrome 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Angelman syndrome 
D) Klinefelter syndrome 
A) William syndrome 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Angelman syndrome 
D) Klinefelter syndrome

Question 19

The purpose of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) is to

Accepted Answer

A) define genetic testing and genetic information. 
B) ban discrimination based on genetic information. 
C) ensure the fair and positive use of genetic testing. 
D) all of the above. 
A) define genetic testing and genetic information. 
B) ban discrimination based on genetic information. 
C) ensure the fair and positive use of genetic testing. 
D) all of the above.

Question 20

During protein synthesis, when are introns removed?

Accepted Answer

A) Transcription 
B) Posttranscriptional processing 
C) Translation 
D) Posttranslational processing 
A) Transcription 
B) Posttranscriptional processing 
C) Translation 
D) Posttranslational processing

Exam 5: Clinical: Nutritional Genomics

Approximately how many nucleotides make up human DNA?

What is the effect of a silent mutation on DNA?

In protein synthesis, what subcomponent of DNA directs the inclusion of a specific amino acid within the protein?

Phenylketonuria is what type of genetic disorder?

Which area of study focuses on the identification and understanding of the function of the end products of the genes within the human genome?

In regard to nutritional assessment, which of the following will nutrition professionals need to be able to read to identify a patient's potential susceptibility to diseases?

Among which types of inheritance have no nutrition-related disorders been identified?

Nutritional components of food affect genetic expression by acting as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR).Which disease may NOT be positively affected by this nutrigenomic relationship?

Which of the following is the area of DNA where binding of regulatory proteins signals the start of transcription?

Which type of disorders are the most common of the mendelian inherited disorders?

Which of the following may promote a change in a DNA molecule affecting gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence?

What is the term that describes the natural variations in a gene that create no adverse effects on the individual and appear frequently within the population?

What is the term that describes a gene that is present but not expressing a particular phenotype?

In genomics, "SNP" refers to

Which of the following is a syndrome caused by extra chromosomes?

Within a strand of DNA, which of the following nucleotide base pairing is possible?

The 677C>T variant of the MTHFR gene may increase the risk of which disease?

What syndrome results from inheriting two copies of a deletion in chromosome 15 from the father?

The purpose of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) is to

During protein synthesis, when are introns removed?

Intake: Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients

Intake: Energy

Inflammation and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Disease

Intake: Analysis of the Diet

Clinical: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Clinical: Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment

Clinical: Food-Drug Interactions

Behavioral-Environmental: the Individual in the Community

Overview of Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Diet Guidelines, Nutrient Standards, and Cultural Competence

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Dietary Supplementation

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support

Education and Counseling: Behavioral Change

Nutrition for Reproductive Health and Lactation

Nutrition in Infancy

Nutrition in Childhood

Nutrition in Adolescence

Nutrition in the Adult Years

Nutrition in Aging

Nutrition in Weight Management

Nutrition in Eating Disorders

Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Performance

Nutrition and Bone Health

Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Adverse Reactions to Food: Allergies and Intolerances

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal, and Other Endocrine Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Survivorship

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hiv and Aids

Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critical Care

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders

Mnt in Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Genetic Metabolic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

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