Question 1

Which drug is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Captopril 
B)  Furosemide 
C)  Spironolactone 
D)  Chlorothiazide 
A)  Captopril 
B)  Furosemide 
C)  Spironolactone 
D)  Chlorothiazide A

Question 2

Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to see as shock progresses in a child and decompensated develops? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Thirst and diminished urinary output 
B)  Irritability and apprehension 
C)  Cool extremities and decreased skin turgor 
D)  Confusion and somnolence 
E)  Normal blood pressure and narrowing pulse pressure 
F) Tachypnea and poor capillary refill time 
A)  Thirst and diminished urinary output 
B)  Irritability and apprehension 
C)  Cool extremities and decreased skin turgor 
D)  Confusion and somnolence 
E)  Normal blood pressure and narrowing pulse pressure 
F) Tachypnea and poor capillary refill time C,D,F

Question 3

Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonic stenosis 
B)  Tricuspid atresia 
C)  Atrial septal defect 
D)  Transposition of the great arteries 
A)  Pulmonic stenosis 
B)  Tricuspid atresia 
C)  Atrial septal defect 
D)  Transposition of the great arteries C

Question 4

In which situation is there the greatest risk that a newborn infant will have a congenital heart defect (CHD)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trisomy 21 detected on amniocentesis 
B)  Family history of myocardial infarction 
C)  Father has type 1 diabetes mellitus 
D)  Older sibling born with Turner's syndrome 
A)  Trisomy 21 detected on amniocentesis 
B)  Family history of myocardial infarction 
C)  Father has type 1 diabetes mellitus 
D)  Older sibling born with Turner's syndrome

Question 5

Which postoperative intervention should be questioned for a child after a cardiac catheterization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continue intravenous (IV) fluids until the infant is tolerating oral fluids. 
B)  Check the dressing for bleeding. 
C)  Assess peripheral circulation on the affected extremity. 
D)  Keep the affected leg flexed and elevated. 
A)  Continue intravenous (IV) fluids until the infant is tolerating oral fluids. 
B)  Check the dressing for bleeding. 
C)  Assess peripheral circulation on the affected extremity. 
D)  Keep the affected leg flexed and elevated.

Question 6

What is an expected assessment finding in a child with coarctation of the aorta?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orthostatic hypotension 
B)  Systolic hypertension in the lower extremities 
C)  Blood pressure higher on the left side of the body 
D)  Disparity in blood pressure between the upper and lower extremities 
A)  Orthostatic hypotension 
B)  Systolic hypertension in the lower extremities 
C)  Blood pressure higher on the left side of the body 
D)  Disparity in blood pressure between the upper and lower extremities

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a child after heart surgery.What intervention should the nurse implement immediately if evidence is found of cardiac tamponade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase analgesia 
B)  Apply warming blankets 
C)  Immediately report this to the physician 
D)  Encourage the child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply 
A)  Increase analgesia 
B)  Apply warming blankets 
C)  Immediately report this to the physician 
D)  Encourage the child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply

Question 8

What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks,which may occur with drug or latex allergy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurogenic shock 
B)  Cardiogenic shock 
C)  Hypovolemic shock 
D)  Anaphylactic shock 
A)  Neurogenic shock 
B)  Cardiogenic shock 
C)  Hypovolemic shock 
D)  Anaphylactic shock

Question 9

A preschool child is scheduled for an echocardiogram.Parents ask the nurse whether they can hold the child during the procedure.The nurse should answer with which response?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You will be able to hold your child during the procedure." 
B)  "Your child can be active during the procedure, but can't sit in your lap." 
C)  "Your child must lie quietly; sometimes a mild sedative is administered before the procedure." 
D)  "The procedure is invasive so your child will be restrained during the echocardiogram." 
A)  "You will be able to hold your child during the procedure." 
B)  "Your child can be active during the procedure, but can't sit in your lap." 
C)  "Your child must lie quietly; sometimes a mild sedative is administered before the procedure." 
D)  "The procedure is invasive so your child will be restrained during the echocardiogram."

Question 10

What intervention should be implemented prior to the removal of a child's chest tubes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Explain that it is not painful. 
B)  Explain that only a Band-Aid will be needed. 
C)  Administer analgesics before the procedure. 
D)  Educate the patient to expect bright red drainage for several hours after removal. 
A)  Explain that it is not painful. 
B)  Explain that only a Band-Aid will be needed. 
C)  Administer analgesics before the procedure. 
D)  Educate the patient to expect bright red drainage for several hours after removal.

Question 11

An 8-month-old infant becomes hypercyanotic while blood is being drawn.What should be the nurse's first action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assess for neurologic defects 
B)  Place the child in the knee-chest position 
C)  Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
D)  Prepare the family for imminent death 
A)  Assess for neurologic defects 
B)  Place the child in the knee-chest position 
C)  Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
D)  Prepare the family for imminent death

Question 12

The parents of a young child with congestive heart failure tell the nurse that they are "nervous" about giving digoxin.The nurse's response should be based on knowing what information?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a safe, frequently used drug. 
B)  It is difficult to either overmedicate or undermedicate with digoxin. 
C)  Parents lack the expertise necessary to administer digoxin. 
D)  Parents must learn specific, important guidelines for administration of digoxin. 
A)  It is a safe, frequently used drug. 
B)  It is difficult to either overmedicate or undermedicate with digoxin. 
C)  Parents lack the expertise necessary to administer digoxin. 
D)  Parents must learn specific, important guidelines for administration of digoxin.

Question 13

What term is used to describe the painful,tender,pea-sized nodules that may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in cases of bacterial endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osler's nodes 
B)  Janeway lesions 
C)  Subcutaneous nodules 
D)  Aschoff's nodules 
A)  Osler's nodes 
B)  Janeway lesions 
C)  Subcutaneous nodules 
D)  Aschoff's nodules

Question 14

When discussing hyperlipidemia with a group of adolescents,the nurse should explain that high levels of what substance are thought to protect against cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cholesterol 
B)  Triglycerides 
C)  Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
D)  High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) 
A)  Cholesterol 
B)  Triglycerides 
C)  Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
D)  High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Question 15

What beneficial effect is achieved by administering digoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases edema 
B)  Decreases cardiac output 
C)  Increases heart size 
D)  Increases venous pressure 
A)  Decreases edema 
B)  Decreases cardiac output 
C)  Increases heart size 
D)  Increases venous pressure

Question 16

When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease,the nurse should understand that principle of care?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child's fever is usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours. 
B)  The principal area of involvement is the joints. 
C)  Aspirin is contraindicated. 
D)  Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin. 
A)  The child's fever is usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours. 
B)  The principal area of involvement is the joints. 
C)  Aspirin is contraindicated. 
D)  Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin.

Question 17

What is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary congestion 
B)  Congenital heart defect 
C)  Heart failure 
D)  Systemic venous congestion 
A)  Pulmonary congestion 
B)  Congenital heart defect 
C)  Heart failure 
D)  Systemic venous congestion

Question 18

What is the primary nursing intervention necessary to prevent bacterial endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Institute measures to prevent dental procedures. 
B)  Counsel parents of high risk children about prophylactic antibiotics. 
C)  Observe children for complications such as embolism and heart failure. 
D)  Encourage restricted mobility in susceptible children. 
A)  Institute measures to prevent dental procedures. 
B)  Counsel parents of high risk children about prophylactic antibiotics. 
C)  Observe children for complications such as embolism and heart failure. 
D)  Encourage restricted mobility in susceptible children.

Question 19

José is 4 year old.Preoperative teaching for a 4-year-old child scheduled for a cardiac catheterization should be done with what primary consideration in mind?

Accepted Answer

A)  Directed at his parents because he is too young to understand. 
B)  Detailed in regard to the actual procedures so he will know what to expect. 
C)  Done several days before the procedure so that he will be prepared. 
D)  Adapted to his level of development so that he can understand. 
A)  Directed at his parents because he is too young to understand. 
B)  Detailed in regard to the actual procedures so he will know what to expect. 
C)  Done several days before the procedure so that he will be prepared. 
D)  Adapted to his level of development so that he can understand.

Question 20

A nurse is teaching nursing students the physiology of congenital heart defects.Which defect results in decreased pulmonary blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrial septal defect 
B)  Tetralogy of Fallot 
C)  Ventricular septal defect 
D)  Patent ductus arteriosus 
A)  Atrial septal defect 
B)  Tetralogy of Fallot 
C)  Ventricular septal defect 
D)  Patent ductus arteriosus

Exam 42: The Child With Cardiovascular Dysfunction

Which drug is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor?

Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to see as shock progresses in a child and decompensated develops? (Select all that apply.)

Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?

In which situation is there the greatest risk that a newborn infant will have a congenital heart defect (CHD)?

Which postoperative intervention should be questioned for a child after a cardiac catheterization?

What is an expected assessment finding in a child with coarctation of the aorta?

The nurse is caring for a child after heart surgery.What intervention should the nurse implement immediately if evidence is found of cardiac tamponade?

What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks,which may occur with drug or latex allergy?

A preschool child is scheduled for an echocardiogram.Parents ask the nurse whether they can hold the child during the procedure.The nurse should answer with which response?

What intervention should be implemented prior to the removal of a child's chest tubes?

An 8-month-old infant becomes hypercyanotic while blood is being drawn.What should be the nurse's first action?

The parents of a young child with congestive heart failure tell the nurse that they are "nervous" about giving digoxin.The nurse's response should be based on knowing what information?

What term is used to describe the painful,tender,pea-sized nodules that may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in cases of bacterial endocarditis?

When discussing hyperlipidemia with a group of adolescents,the nurse should explain that high levels of what substance are thought to protect against cardiovascular disease?

What beneficial effect is achieved by administering digoxin?

When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease,the nurse should understand that principle of care?

What is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures?

What is the primary nursing intervention necessary to prevent bacterial endocarditis?

José is 4 year old.Preoperative teaching for a 4-year-old child scheduled for a cardiac catheterization should be done with what primary consideration in mind?

A nurse is teaching nursing students the physiology of congenital heart defects.Which defect results in decreased pulmonary blood flow?

21st Century Maternity Nursing

The Family, culture, spirituality, and Home Care

Assessment and Health Promotion

Reproductive System Concerns

Infertility, contraception, and Abortion

Genetics, conception, and Fetal Development

Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy

Nursing Care of the Family During Pregnancy

Maternal and Fetal Nutrition

Assessment of High-Risk Pregnancy

High-Risk Perinatal Care: Preexisting Conditions

High-Risk Perinatal Care: Gestational Conditions

Labor and Birth Processes

Maximizing Comfort for the Laboring Woman

Fetal Assessment During Labor

Nursing Care of the Family During Labor and Birth

Labor and Birth Complications

Postpartum Physiologic Changes

Nursing Care of the Family During the Postpartum Period

Transition to Parenthood

Postpartum Complications

Physiologic and Behavioral Adaptations of the Newborn

Nursing Care of the Newborn and Family

Newborn Nutrition and Feeding

The High-Risk Newborn

21st Century Pediatric Nursing

Family, social, cultural, and Religious Influences on Child Health Promotion

Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion

Communication and Physical Assessment of the Child and Family

Pain Assessment and Management in Children

The Infant and Family

The Toddler and Family

The Preschooler and Family

The School-Age Child and Family

The Adolescent and Family

Impact of Chronic Illness, disability, or End-Of-Life Care for the Child and Family

Impact of Cognitive or Sensory Impairment on the Child and Family

Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization

Pediatric Variations of Nursing Interventions

The Child With Respiratory Dysfunction

The Child With Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

The Child With Hematologic or Immunologic Dysfunction

The Child With Cancer

The Child With Genitourinary Dysfunction

The Child With Cerebral Dysfunction

The Child With Endocrine Dysfunction

The Child With Musculoskeletal or Articular Dysfunction

The Child With Neuromuscular or Muscular Dysfunction

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