Exam 19: Global Change in the Earth System

If Charles Keeling had chosen to carefully measure methane (instead of carbon dioxide)each month at the Mauna Kea Observatory,what might he have NOT found?

If the Arctic Ocean and the air over it and nearby lands are warming up,does this mean that global warming must be occurring?

Which three features on the figure below are best considered carbon (e.g.,CO₂)sinks?

According to the graph below,when did ocean waters begin to warm?

What environmental phenomenon caused most industrial nations to intentionally decrease their production and use of refrigerants and other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)in the last 20 years?

Albedo is the tendency of a surface to reflect solar energy instead of absorbing it,and snow and ice have a much higher albedo than water.Over the last several decades the amount of the Arctic Ocean that has ice on it has been decreasing,thereby exposing more and more of the Arctic Ocean to the atmosphere each summer.Would this cause the total absorption of heat in the Arctic to increase or decrease?

The figure below shows changes in sea level since the last ice age ended.Based on this,if Earth were to enter another ice age similar to the last one,what would the sea level most likely do?

In the last few decades,global warming has been most strongly affecting the climate and wildlife of ____________ regions.

Oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 are useful in studying the geologic past,including gathering information about past climate,because ____________.

Cyclical global change includes the formation of core,mantle,and crust from a homogeneous mixture,a state to which one day Earth will return.

Change within the Earth system is unidirectional and cannot be reversed.

How much has atmospheric CO₂ increased in approximately the last 50 years,according to the record for Hawaii's Mauna Loa observatory,in the figure below?

The figure below shows the transmission,absorption,and reflection of radiation from various sources.In which layer (of the three layers labeled A,B,and C on the figure)do greenhouse gasses accumulate?

Tectonic uplift and resultant chemical weathering ____________ CO₂ to/from the atmosphere.

The graphs of five-year running averages of hemispheric temperature in the figure below are generally similar.If you assume that most of the temperature rise has been due to increased CO₂ generated by industry that was primarily in the northern hemisphere,do the northern and southern hemispheres appear to have separate air circulation,with very little or no mixing of air between them?

Which geologic event is NOT suspected as a source of major climate change,and directly or indirectly,mass-extinction events?

Pollen species cannot be used to interpret ancient environments because most species inhabit all environments.

The hydrologic cycle includes which of these?

The figure below shows a variety of processes that are part of the global carbon cycle.Which of the following three chemicals besides CO₂ are shown as part of the carbon cycle?

Looking at the modeled changes in temperature for the Earth in the figure below,which hemisphere is predicted to warm the most quickly or severely?