Question 1

____________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of marble.

Accepted Answer

A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Slate 
A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Slate

Question 2

The mineral assemblage within metamorphic rock is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  always identical to that found within the protolith 
B)  dependent only on the mineral assemblage of the protolith 
C)  dependent only on the temperature and pressure of formation 
D)  dependent on both the mineral assemblage of the protolith and the temperature and pressure of formation 
A)  always identical to that found within the protolith 
B)  dependent only on the mineral assemblage of the protolith 
C)  dependent only on the temperature and pressure of formation 
D)  dependent on both the mineral assemblage of the protolith and the temperature and pressure of formation

Question 3

Slaty cleavage,schistosity,and compositional banding are all examples of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mineral cleavage 
B)  foliation 
C)  recrystallization 
D)  sedimentary structures 
A)  mineral cleavage 
B)  foliation 
C)  recrystallization 
D)  sedimentary structures

Question 4

Consult the figure below.Compared to low-grade metamorphic rocks,high-grade rocks ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only occur at depths of 30 km 
B)  are produced closer to the surface, high in the stratigraphic column 
C)  are produced at greater temperatures and pressures 
D)  are produced at cooler temperatures, but greater pressures 
A)  only occur at depths of 30 km 
B)  are produced closer to the surface, high in the stratigraphic column 
C)  are produced at greater temperatures and pressures 
D)  are produced at cooler temperatures, but greater pressures

Question 5

Rocks resulting from thermal (contact)metamorphism will not possess ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a new mineral assemblage distinct from that found prior to intrusion 
B)  larger crystals than those characterizing the country rock prior to intrusion 
C)  foliation 
D)  silicate minerals 
A)  a new mineral assemblage distinct from that found prior to intrusion 
B)  larger crystals than those characterizing the country rock prior to intrusion 
C)  foliation 
D)  silicate minerals

Question 6

Why,when you heat a rock,do its components transform into new material?

Accepted Answer

A)  The heat causes the minerals to melt and rearrange. 
B)  The heat causes the atoms to vibrate rapidly and rearrange. 
C)  As a liquid, the minerals are free to change composition. 
D)  As a liquid, the atoms can more easily flow throughout the rock. 
A)  The heat causes the minerals to melt and rearrange. 
B)  The heat causes the atoms to vibrate rapidly and rearrange. 
C)  As a liquid, the minerals are free to change composition. 
D)  As a liquid, the atoms can more easily flow throughout the rock.

Question 7

How does the banding in gneiss form?

Accepted Answer

A)  by the well-understood process of metamorphic differentiation 
B)  from the evolution of bedding in the protolith 
C)  from compressional stress on the protolith 
D)  from fluids running through the rock during creation 
A)  by the well-understood process of metamorphic differentiation 
B)  from the evolution of bedding in the protolith 
C)  from compressional stress on the protolith 
D)  from fluids running through the rock during creation

Question 8

Consult the figure below.As compared to the amphibolite metamorphic facies,the greenschist facies ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  consist of lower-grade rocks 
B)  consist of higher-grade rocks 
C)  are an identical temperature and pressure regime; greenschists and amphibolites bear different mineral assemblages only because of differences in protolith chemistry 
A)  consist of lower-grade rocks 
B)  consist of higher-grade rocks 
C)  are an identical temperature and pressure regime; greenschists and amphibolites bear different mineral assemblages only because of differences in protolith chemistry

Question 9

Two common metamorphic rocks that typically lack foliation are ____________ and ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  slate; phyllite 
B)  gneiss; migmatite 
C)  quartzite; marble 
D)  schist; metaconglomerate 
A)  slate; phyllite 
B)  gneiss; migmatite 
C)  quartzite; marble 
D)  schist; metaconglomerate

Question 10

____________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of slate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Slate 
A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Slate

Question 11

Consult the figure below.A mineral within a metamorphic rock that can be used to provide a narrow constraint on the temperature and pressure of formation of the rock is termed a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thermineral 
B)  index mineral 
C)  mafic mineral 
D)  halide mineral 
A)  thermineral 
B)  index mineral 
C)  mafic mineral 
D)  halide mineral

Question 12

Foliated metamorphic rocks possess ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  leafy plant fossils (ancient foliage) 
B)  a homogeneous texture resulting from randomly oriented grains 
C)  a planar fabric consisting of mineral grains in preferred orientations or preferred patterns of association (banding) 
D)  minerals precipitated directly from seawater 
A)  leafy plant fossils (ancient foliage) 
B)  a homogeneous texture resulting from randomly oriented grains 
C)  a planar fabric consisting of mineral grains in preferred orientations or preferred patterns of association (banding) 
D)  minerals precipitated directly from seawater

Question 13

Rapid,deep burial of sediments in an accretionary prism leads to the formation of a metamorphic rock termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  blueschist 
B)  greenschist 
C)  migmatite 
D)  gneiss 
A)  blueschist 
B)  greenschist 
C)  migmatite 
D)  gneiss

Question 14

In the formation of gneiss from granite,the distinctive compositional bands form due to ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  crystals migrating within the rock 
B)  crystals dissolving, and atoms and ions migrating and reorganizing as new crystals 
C)  crystals melting, with new crystals solidifying in color bands 
D)  the bizarre and seemingly unknowable nature of the blueschist metamorphic facies 
A)  crystals migrating within the rock 
B)  crystals dissolving, and atoms and ions migrating and reorganizing as new crystals 
C)  crystals melting, with new crystals solidifying in color bands 
D)  the bizarre and seemingly unknowable nature of the blueschist metamorphic facies

Question 15

____________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of quartzite.

Accepted Answer

A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Slate 
A)  Limestone 
B)  Sandstone 
C)  Shale 
D)  Slate

Question 16

Consult the figure below.The region of thermally metamorphosed rock surrounding a cooled pluton is called a(n)____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  shear zone 
B)  aureole 
C)  oriole 
D)  fire ring 
A)  shear zone 
B)  aureole 
C)  oriole 
D)  fire ring

Question 17

A buried body of aragonitic limestone is recrystallized at low temperatures and pressures,producing calcite; this is an example of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  diagenesis 
B)  erosion 
C)  metamorphism 
D)  weathering 
A)  diagenesis 
B)  erosion 
C)  metamorphism 
D)  weathering

Question 18

The preexisting rock that is subsequently altered to form a metamorphic rock is termed a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  parent rock 
B)  source rock 
C)  protolith 
D)  premetarock 
A)  parent rock 
B)  source rock 
C)  protolith 
D)  premetarock

Question 19

Where does the water in hydrothermal fluids come from?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some of it may seep into the protolith from nearby metamorphic units. 
B)  Some of it may seep into the protolith from nearby sedimentary units. 
C)  Some of it was originally bonded to minerals in the protolith. 
D)  Some of it may come from underlying groundwater. 
A)  Some of it may seep into the protolith from nearby metamorphic units. 
B)  Some of it may seep into the protolith from nearby sedimentary units. 
C)  Some of it was originally bonded to minerals in the protolith. 
D)  Some of it may come from underlying groundwater.

Question 20

A buried body of shale is subjected to differential stress,causing clay minerals to realign and produce slate; this is an example of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  diagenesis 
B)  erosion 
C)  metamorphism 
D)  weathering 
A)  diagenesis 
B)  erosion 
C)  metamorphism 
D)  weathering

Exam 7: Metamorphism: a Process of Change

____________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of marble.

The mineral assemblage within metamorphic rock is ____________.

Slaty cleavage,schistosity,and compositional banding are all examples of ____________.

Consult the figure below.Compared to low-grade metamorphic rocks,high-grade rocks ____________.

Rocks resulting from thermal (contact)metamorphism will not possess ____________.

Why,when you heat a rock,do its components transform into new material?

How does the banding in gneiss form?

Consult the figure below.As compared to the amphibolite metamorphic facies,the greenschist facies ____________.

Two common metamorphic rocks that typically lack foliation are ____________ and ____________.

____________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of slate.

Consult the figure below.A mineral within a metamorphic rock that can be used to provide a narrow constraint on the temperature and pressure of formation of the rock is termed a(n)____________.

Foliated metamorphic rocks possess ____________.

Rapid,deep burial of sediments in an accretionary prism leads to the formation of a metamorphic rock termed ____________.

In the formation of gneiss from granite,the distinctive compositional bands form due to ____________.

____________ commonly serves as a protolith in the formation of quartzite.

Consult the figure below.The region of thermally metamorphosed rock surrounding a cooled pluton is called a(n)____________.

A buried body of aragonitic limestone is recrystallized at low temperatures and pressures,producing calcite; this is an example of ____________.

The preexisting rock that is subsequently altered to form a metamorphic rock is termed a ____________.

Where does the water in hydrothermal fluids come from?

A buried body of shale is subjected to differential stress,causing clay minerals to realign and produce slate; this is an example of ____________.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Rock Groups

A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

The Rock Cycle

The Earths Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Filters

Two common metamorphic rocks that typically lack foliation are and .