Question 1

Expressive leadership emphasizes the completion of tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Secondary groups are more likely than primary groups to be goal-oriented.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Samuel Stouffer's study of soldier morale during World War II led to what conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  The greater the chances of getting ahead, the happier people are. 
B)  Happiness is a matter of personal values and standards. 
C)  Whatever their situation in absolute terms, people evaluate themselves by making comparisons to others in specific reference groups. 
D)  The less chance for promotion, the higher soldiers' morale. 
A)  The greater the chances of getting ahead, the happier people are. 
B)  Happiness is a matter of personal values and standards. 
C)  Whatever their situation in absolute terms, people evaluate themselves by making comparisons to others in specific reference groups. 
D)  The less chance for promotion, the higher soldiers' morale.

Question 4

Irving Janis demonstrated how discussion always improves decision making in a social group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The "McDonaldization of society" thesis echoes Weber's belief that rational systems are efficient but dehumanizing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is Robert Merton's term for a preoccupation with rules and regulations to the point of keeping an organization from accomplishing its goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  bureaucratic ritualism 
B)  bureaucratic alienation 
C)  bureaucratic innovation 
D)  bureaucratic inertia 
A)  bureaucratic ritualism 
B)  bureaucratic alienation 
C)  bureaucratic innovation 
D)  bureaucratic inertia

Question 7

Which concept refers to a social group with only two members?

Accepted Answer

A)  a primary group 
B)  a dyad 
C)  a triad 
D)  a bond 
A)  a primary group 
B)  a dyad 
C)  a triad 
D)  a bond

Question 8

Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritarian leader 
B)  democratic leader 
C)  laissez-faire leader 
D)  expressive leader 
A)  authoritarian leader 
B)  democratic leader 
C)  laissez-faire leader 
D)  expressive leader

Question 9

Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful effects on people. What is the danger?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organizations create social inequality. 
B)  Organizations create conflict among workers. 
C)  Organizations create alienation. 
D)  Organizations create conformity. 
A)  Organizations create social inequality. 
B)  Organizations create conflict among workers. 
C)  Organizations create alienation. 
D)  Organizations create conformity.

Question 10

The chapter-opening story of the McDonald's organization explains

Accepted Answer

A)  that "fast food" is really not served very efficiently. 
B)  that the McDonald's idea never caught on abroad. 
C)  why so many small businesses do not succeed. 
D)  that the guiding principles of McDonald's have come to dominate our social life. 
A)  that "fast food" is really not served very efficiently. 
B)  that the McDonald's idea never caught on abroad. 
C)  why so many small businesses do not succeed. 
D)  that the guiding principles of McDonald's have come to dominate our social life.

Question 11

The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves is referred to as "bureaucratic alienation."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of Solomon Asch?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many people are willing to compromise their own judgment to avoid being seen as different by others. 
B)  Many people have weak self-images and seek social approval. 
C)  Ordinary people are often not truthful to people who are in power. 
D)  People with strong conviction can overcome social pressure. 
A)  Many people are willing to compromise their own judgment to avoid being seen as different by others. 
B)  Many people have weak self-images and seek social approval. 
C)  Ordinary people are often not truthful to people who are in power. 
D)  People with strong conviction can overcome social pressure.

Question 13

If you were a prisoner, a maximum-security prison would be which of the following types of organizations from your point of view?

Accepted Answer

A)  a normative organization 
B)  a coercive organization 
C)  a utilitarian organization 
D)  a voluntary organization 
A)  a normative organization 
B)  a coercive organization 
C)  a utilitarian organization 
D)  a voluntary organization

Question 14

Rosabeth Moss Kanter's research shows that clear rules, firmly and uniformly applied, increase a business organization's profitability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Solomon Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match lines, showed

Accepted Answer

A)  people seek out friends with whom they tend to agree. 
B)  people defined as "leaders" have great power over their subjects. 
C)  people tend to see most things differently. 
D)  group membership has the power to generate conformity. 
A)  people seek out friends with whom they tend to agree. 
B)  people defined as "leaders" have great power over their subjects. 
C)  people tend to see most things differently. 
D)  group membership has the power to generate conformity.

Question 16

According to Deborah Tannen, what traits make up a "female advantage"?

Accepted Answer

A)  placing greater emphasis on policy 
B)  placing greater emphasis on communication 
C)  rigid leadership structures 
D)  compartmentalization 
A)  placing greater emphasis on policy 
B)  placing greater emphasis on communication 
C)  rigid leadership structures 
D)  compartmentalization

Question 17

Oligarchy refers to the rule of the many by the few.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Explain the "opposing trends" that are shaping the future of organizations in Canada. Why are workers in some large organizations rewarded for developing their creativity and imagination, whereas those in other organizations are prevented from doing anything other than what they are told?

Accepted Answer

The opposing trends shaping the future o

Question 19

During the last fifty years, Japanese formal organizations have differed from those in Canada by being

Accepted Answer

A)  less efficient. 
B)  less profitable. 
C)  more collective in their orientation. 
D)  more hierarchical. 
A)  less efficient. 
B)  less profitable. 
C)  more collective in their orientation. 
D)  more hierarchical.

Question 20

Today's business organizations make greater use of competitive work teams.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Groups and Organizations

Expressive leadership emphasizes the completion of tasks.

Secondary groups are more likely than primary groups to be goal-oriented.

Samuel Stouffer's study of soldier morale during World War II led to what conclusion?

Irving Janis demonstrated how discussion always improves decision making in a social group.

The "McDonaldization of society" thesis echoes Weber's belief that rational systems are efficient but dehumanizing.

What is Robert Merton's term for a preoccupation with rules and regulations to the point of keeping an organization from accomplishing its goals?

Which concept refers to a social group with only two members?

Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?

Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful effects on people. What is the danger?

The chapter-opening story of the McDonald's organization explains

The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves is referred to as "bureaucratic alienation."

Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of Solomon Asch?

If you were a prisoner, a maximum-security prison would be which of the following types of organizations from your point of view?

Rosabeth Moss Kanter's research shows that clear rules, firmly and uniformly applied, increase a business organization's profitability.

Solomon Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match lines, showed

According to Deborah Tannen, what traits make up a "female advantage"?

Oligarchy refers to the rule of the many by the few.

Explain the "opposing trends" that are shaping the future of organizations in Canada. Why are workers in some large organizations rewarded for developing their creativity and imagination, whereas those in other organizations are prevented from doing anything other than what they are told?

During the last fifty years, Japanese formal organizations have differed from those in Canada by being

Today's business organizations make greater use of competitive work teams.

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