Exam 12: Decision Making and Reasoning

Which of the following is not a heuristic people use in making decisions?

A group has to make a decision under anxious circumstances.During the discussion the group members are trying to avoid any conflicts and so any dissent is quickly dismissed which leads to the group coming to a premature decision.This is an example of

Sloman suggests that we have two systems for reasoning,a rule-based system and A(n)

The goal of __________ is to draw conclusions from principles and from evidence.

This alternative view to reasoning suggests that there are two complementary systems for reasoning.One system,the ____,is involved with mental operations that are based on observed similarities and temporal contiguities while the ___ is involved with manipulating the relations among symbols.

This notion realizes that when a potentially advantageous situation arises that one may need to consider the "price" for taking advantage of the situation.In other words,this concept recognizes that making one decision may come at the price of other potential situations.

Evolutionary psychologists note that some behaviors we see today were likely adaptive in the past even if they no longer are (e.g. ,propensity to like high-fat foods).In our lives we face some new evolutionary pressures.What new social heuristics or biases would benefit decision making in the modern man?

Which of the following is a modus ponens argument?

Which of the following is a modus tollens argument?

Andy is throwing dice.The probability that he will throw a 1,2,3,4,5,6 sequence is __________ than/as his throwing a 4,2,5,6,3,1 sequence.

A primary type of deductive reasoning in which the reasoner must draw a conclusion based on an if-then proposition is referred to as

Because of the __________ we falsely tend to see particular attributes,categories,or events as going together.

Discuss the various advantages and disadvantages of say having the government using the Rule-Based System to justify all decisions made from various perspectives (e.g. ,economic responsibility,social responsibility,etc. ).What would be the advantages and disadvantages? Would this make our government more efficient (effective)or less efficient (effective)?

The fundamental distinction between deductive and inductive reasoning is that

This particular heuristic sets a standard of rationality based on a number of factors and then makes decisions based on this criteria.This type of decision making is often in environments in which there are often less that optimum solutions.

"I keep hearing about that book,so it must be worth reading." This statement suggests use of what heuristic?

Imagine a professional tennis player.It is __________ probable that he has a graphite tennis racquet than a graphite racquet with high-quality grip tape and a quality shock absorber.

Deductive reasoning makes use of _____ which can be thought of as assertions that can be either true or false.

The effect of the context on an individual's decision making is referred to as the

In this task participants are shown a set of four two-sided cards (a number on one side and a letter on the other side).The participant is given a conditional statement and then has to decide which card(s)he must turn over to determine whether or not the conditional statement is true.