Exam 12: Decision Making and Reasoning

One of the symptoms of groupthink is when a group thinks that due to the qualities of the group (i.e. ,intelligence)that it must have made the correct decision.This would be an example of

Groupthink can reduce the effectiveness of group decision making.One can reduce groupthink by

This notion is the mistaken belief that the current probability of event is influence by prior random events (e.g. ,flipping a coin and the person get heads 8 times,s/he believes that the 9ᵗʰ coin flip is more likely to be tails).

With syllogisms there are some combinations that one is unable to "draw logically valid conclusions from." Identify which combination of forms would be considered not logically valid.

What is the goal of human action in decision making,according to the subjective expected utility theory?

A gambler has lost a game in which there is a 0.5 chance of winning.In fact,she has now lost six times and is trying to figure out her odds of winning on the next try.Taking into consideration the six previous times she lost,her chance of winning is now

"Fire is to asbestos as water is to (a)vinyl,(b)air,(c)cotton,(d)faucet." This is an example of

Janet is trying to solve a syllogism.The particular sequencing of the terms has prevented her from reaching an accurate conclusion.Instead of first deciding whether the syllogism is deductively valid,she jumps to a conclusion.Janet was influenced by __________ effects/reasoning.

These types of statements for a categorical syllogism are in the form "All A are B" in which a positive statement is made about all the members in that class (e.g. ,all cognitive psychology students are brilliant).

When making a decision,the use of one's individual values versus use of objective criteria is reflective of what concept?

When the Wason selection task is placed in a familiar context (e.g. ,legal drinking age),participants

According to __________,we typically use a decision-making strategy called satisficing.

Compare and contrast the following items: take-the-best heuristic,fast-and-frugal heuristic,and pragmatic reasoning schemas.What do these say overall about problem solving?

General organizing principles related to specific types of goals are termed

Describe the Wason selection task and describe participants' typical responses during this task (e.g. ,what do they tend to do right,what do they tend to overlook).

For categorical syllogisms,what are the differences between universal and particular arguments?

How has the evolutionary approach been applied to reasoning? Describe its application to inferences in social situations and explain how the ability to make these particular inferences could benefit the species.

Although their sum is the same,which group would appear to have the greatest sum,using the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic?

Take the six symptoms of group think and discuss different methods (safeguards)that one could use to decrease the likelihood of this happening.Presenting this information in an example may be helpful.

The conditional proposition is "If it is a chair then it is a piece of furniture." Existing condition is that it is a piece of furniture.The inference made is that it is a chair.This particular type of fallacy is called